LUNEBURG, HANNOVER
AND NIEDERSACHSEN
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In 1267/9
the principality of Lüneburg was created through the division by inheritance
of the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, which had its residence in Lüneburg
until 1371, which until 1639 held a special position within the principality
similar to a free imperial city. Until the
middle of the 14th century, the duchy formed a closed rulership between the
Elbe, Weser, Altmark and the Hochstifte Hildesheim and Verden (Burg
Hallermund 1282, Grafschaft Wölpe 1302, Grafschaft Dannenberg 1303,
Grafschaft Lüchow 1320, half of the Grafschaft Hallermunt 1366). In 1369 the male line died
out. In the
War of Succession in Lüneburg, the Göttingen line of the old house in
Braunschweig prevailed against the Dukes of Saxony-Wittenberg, who were
enfeoffed by Emperor Charles IV of the pricipality but had to move their
residence to Celle after the city of Lüneburg had captured the stronghold of
the Kalkberg from the duke in a revolt
in 1371. 1400-1409
Lüneburg belonged to the main line of Braunschweig. In 1409/28, the Middle
House of Lüneburg was created., to which the Principality of Lüneburg was
assigned. In 1443 it lost a part of the counties Everstein and Homburg as a
pledge to the Hildesheim Hochstift. From the sons of Duke Henry the Middle,
who abdicated in 1520, Otto founded the Harburg line (1527-1642) and Franz
the Gifhorn line (until 1549) while Ernst the Confessor continued the main
line. From it, under Ernst's third son Heinrich, the line of Dannenberg split
off in 1569, which founded the new house in Braunschweig and received the
Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in 1635. The main line, which had
dominated the principality of Lüneburg (-Celle) as a new house in Lüneburg
since 1569, acquired the county of Hoya in 1582 and the county of Diepholz in
1585 as a fief. In 1617 the principality of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen,
initially occupied by Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, fell to Lüneburg by court ruling, in 1635
(Braunschweig-) Calenberg, and in 1643 Harburg, which had been the seat of a
side branch of the Middle House of Lüneburg since 1527. Of these,
the main line received the principalities of Lüneburg and Calenberg-Göttingen
in 1635. The line of Dannenberg
received the principality of Wolfenbüttel. In 1639 the sovereign forced the
city of Lüneburg to accept soldiers. The Electorate of Hanover emerged from
the Imperial Principality of Calenberg (since 1636) in 1692. The
Principality of Lüneburg ended in 1705 with the death of Georg Wilhelm, after
which it was united with Hanover as a result of the marriage of the heiress
Sophie Dorothea to her the nephew Duke Georg. Hannover
came to Prussia in 1866 and in 1946 the Prussian area became Lower Saxony. |
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William of Luneburg |
*11.04.1184-†13.12.1213 Co-regent
1195-1213 ∞ 1202 Helena *1180-†1233 |
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Seal of William of Luneburg, son of Henry the Lion,
1200 Figure:
Lion passant. L.: X sigill(vm) willelmi
de lvnebvrgh filii dvcis saxsonie. Seal of 1205
Figure: Lion passant. L.: X willelmvs de lvnebvrc fili’
dvcis saxonie. Helena was the sister of the
Kings Canute VI and Valdemar II of Denmark and
Queen Ingeborg of France.
Duchess
Helene died in 1233 and was buried in the Benedictine monastery of St.
Michael in Lüneburg.
Coins minted in Lüneburg,
1195-1202 [1] Showing a lion |
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Otto I, the Child |
*1204-†1252 Lord of Luneburg 1213 Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg 1235 |
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Otto was the son of William and Helena and therefore
a grandson of Waldemar I of Denmark.
Bracteate
from Mühlhausen [2] Shows the Emperor (i.e. Duke of
Braunschweig) riding to the dexter with banner and shield with lion rampant. In 1213,
still being a minor, his uncle Emperor Otto IV took over the reign
of Lüneburg. Otto was appointed heir of the
allodial property of the Guelphs by his childless uncle Henry
the Elder in 1223. This
could have been the year that Otto received the arms of Luneburg: Or, strewn
with hearts Gules, a lion rampant Azure. This was a coat of arms derived from
the arms of his grandfather Canute
VI of Denmark which
was Or, strewn with hearts Gules three lions passant Azure 1235
Emperor Frederick II promotes the Welf Otto the Child to an Imperial Prince
and elevates him to Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg. Charter Mainz, August
1235. [3] The charter is an example of the elevation to an Imperial Prnce: the candidate transfers his allodium (Luneburg) to the State; the emperor adds this new government property to another government property (Brunswick) that had become staufic by purchase and that the emperor had also declared government property to be a new fief with which he lends the candidate; the new royal dignity rests on that. (Die Zeit, cat. 18).
Seal of Mechthild, Duchess of
Braunschweig-Luneburg 1236-´47 Luneburg, Stadtarchiv, Urk. a
1247. April 28 The duchess seated between the lion of Luneburg and the eagle of
Brandenburg. L.: MECHTILDIS
DVCISSE DE BRVSEWIC (et)
DE
LVNEBORH |
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John |
*1242-†1277 1252-1277 |
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In 1267 the welf/guelph possessions were
divided between Albrecht I and John with John receiving Luneburg and Albrecht
Brunswick. After that, the Welfish countries were constantly distributed
among the various heirs, which results in a very confused picture. Constitutionally,
however, the unity of the House was not affected by these divisions. There
was only one duchy of Brunswick-Luneburg as a general fief from the House of
Welf. The areas that resulted from the divisions should be referred to more
as principalities than as duchies, and the princes used the same ducal title
and the same coat of arms. |
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Otto II the Strict |
*1266-†1330 1277/1282-1330 |
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Otto the
Strict was born around 1266, the son of John of Lüneburg (†1277)
and Duchess Liutgard of Holstein. Otto was underage when his father died, so
the administration of the duchy went initially to his uncle,
Duke Albert (d 1279) and, after his death, to his
uncle, Conrad I, Prince-Bishop of Verden. From 1282 Otto ruled in
his own right. His rule was marked by several feuds, financed by pledges
(Verpfändungen), involving border and property disputes with his neighbours.
Otto restricted the rights of the knights and safeguarded public order. The
settlements of Harburg, Dahlenburg (1289) and Celle (1292) were given town rights. In
1302 he bought the County of Wölpe for 6,500 silver marks. Following the controversial election of the
king in 1313, Otto linked up with his brother-in-law, Louis of Bavaria,
from whom he was enfeoffed with an imperial fiefdom in 1315. On 28
November 1315 Otto passed a law of succession that granted the duchy after
him to his two sons, Otto and William, jointly. Otto died
on 10 April 1330 and was buried in St. Michael's in Lüneburg, the monastery
he had built.
Seal of Otto the Strict, 1328 With the arms of
Lüneburg. Cast St.A.
Wolfenbüttel The arms of the principality are: Arms: Or,
strewn with hearts gules, a lion Azure. These arms are clearly derived from the royal
arms of Danmark, (through his grand-fathers wife who was a sister of king
Waldemar) the number of lions reduced to one but the hearts
retained.
Tomb of Otto the Strict (1266-1330) and his wife
Mechthild of Bavaria in the Michaelis Church in Lüneburg The old Michaelis
monastery on the Kalkberg was abandoned
in 1371. Already
the old monastery church on the Kalkberg had served as a cemetery for the
noble families of the Billunger and Welfen. This tradition was carried on in
the newly built St. Michaeliskriche in 1376. A memorial in the form of a
sarcophagus has covered the entrance to the new royal crypt since 1432. It is
a sign of the continuing importance of Lüneburg for the rulers of the Guelphs The
monument was previously covered with the grave slabs of Duke Otto the Strict
and his wife Mechthild of Bavaria. The metal plate, which still came from the
old Kalkbergburg, was stolen and melted down in 1830. Today
there are are eight (very discoloured) coats of arms on the monument being
of: |
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Head side: Ascania,
Wittelsbach, Saxony-Wittenberg, Westfalen |
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Feet: Anhalt,
Hessen, Braunschweig, Lüneburg Which suggests that the monument was made after 1376, during the rule
of Albert of Saxony-Wittenberg |
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Otto III |
*1296-†1352 1330-1352 |
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Otto was
born about 1296 as the second son of Otto the Strict and his wife
Matilda of Bavaria, and was introduced to the business of government by
his father as early as 1314. The stipulation by his father in 1315 that the principality
was to be divided after his death between Otto III and his
brother, William II, was ignored however by the brothers and they took
over joint rule of the undivided state in 1330. The focus of their rule in
the early years was the territorial consolidation of the principality. For
example they succeeded in increasing their estate considerably in the area
of Gifhorn through the acquisition of the village
of Fallersleben and the counties of Papenheim and Wettmarshagen.
Another field of attention was their political support of economically
growing towns. For example, Lüneburg trade flourished as a result of work to
make the Ilmenau navigable
between Lüneburg and Uelzen as well as trade agreements
between the Lüneburg princes and the dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg.
Otto III died on 19 August 1352 without an heir because his only son had
already drowned as a child in the River Ilmenau. |
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William of Luneburg |
1330-1369 |
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Arms: Or,
strewn with hearts Gules a lion Azure Crest: Lambrequined
Azure, two sickles Or decorated with peacock feathers proper L.: htog
va luneborch. (Gelre fol 36.) [Ludwig, son of Magnus I, the Pious, heir
1355-1367: Arms: ¼ of Brunswick
and Luneburg. L.: X s. lodewici • ducis
in brunswich. D.: 1366.
(According to Seyler, 279).] |
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Magnus II |
*1324-†1373 1369 |
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1369 Arms:
¼ van Brunswick and Luneburg. L.: s • magni • ducis •
in brunswich • et • luneborch. (Seyler, 279)
The
arms of Ascania, Braunschweig and Lüneburg on the brink of the Luneburg War of succession Gelre fol 36, n°s 161,162, 163 For the arms of htoge vā zassen the arms of Albrecht are possible. The two
others are for Braunschweig (Magnus II †) and Lüneburg (Wilhelm †1369). At
that time Rudof II was still alive (†1370) Luneburg War of Succession 1370-1388 |
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Albrecht of Saxony-Wittenberg |
*~1350-†1385 Duke of Luneburg
1370-†1378 |
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Albrecht
of Saxony Wittenberg was the son of Otto von Sachsen-Wittenberg (†30.03.1350),
a younger son of the Elector and Duke Rudolf I of Saxony-Wittenberg of the
House of Ascania. Although he had no possessions in the Duchy of Saxony, he
held the titular title of Duke of Saxony(-Wittenberg) as Rudolf's grandson. His
mother was Elisabeth, daughter of Duke Wilhelm II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
After his grandfather Wilhelm II died without male descendants,. he was
enfeoffed, along with his uncle Wenzel, with the Principality of Lüneburg by
Emperor Charles IV. However, a third degree nephew of Wilhelm II, Magnus II
from the Brunswick line of the Guelphs, also claimed inheritance from the
principality and began to take possession of parts of it, whereupon the War
of Succession in Lüneburg unfolded. In 1374 there was a peace treaty with the
sons of Magnus, who had since died (1373). This provided for an alternate
government of the principality and was to be confirmed by Albrecht's marriage
to Magnus' widow, Katharina von Anhalt-Bernburg. In 1378, Albrecht chose
Celle as his residence. Since he
left no male descendants, his uncle and co-regent Wenzel initially assumed
sole rule over the Principality of Lüneburg with his death.
Presentation of the letters patent for the Duchy of
Lüneburg to Duke Albrecht of
Saxony-Wittenberg by Emperor Charles IV in 1369. In sinister base a quarterly
of the House of Ascania and Saxony Illumination by Hans
Bornemann in the Lüneburg Sachsenspiegel manuscript from 1448.
Arms of Saxony-Wittenberg According to Hans Hornemann,
1448 Duke Albrecht
of Saxony-Wittenberg, who is to be enfeoffed with the Duchy of Lüneburg, kneels in front of the emperor, that is the
ruler and from whose hand the highest secular power in the Duchy is bestowed.
This is indicated not only by the great sword held by the sword bearer
standing between them, but above all by the certificate, which records the
act of feud in writing. The document is shown twice vertically folded, but
here unfolded, on which a pending seal is attached. The enfeofment triggered
the War of Succession in Lüneburg (1370-‘89).
Arms of Magnus II
(† 1373) and Albrecht of Lüneburg (†1385) (Bellenville fol 21.) Arms: ¼:
1&4: Ascania; 2&3: Lüneburg; and Archmarshal on an escutcheon in
nombril point. The other coats of arms on the tomb are: Thes arms are confirmed on his seal. On his
seal Albrecht bore: Arms:
Dexter: Ascania; Base: Archmarshal; Sinister: Luneburg. L.: albertus di g. saxonie et luneb dux. D.
1379 At the same time (1375) Wenceslas (†1388)
bore the arms of Lüneburg on his seal (Seyler, 279) |
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Middle Line of Lüneburg 1388-1598 |
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Henry II |
1388-1416 |
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William I the Victorious |
1416-1428 |
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Bernhard I |
*1358/’64- Duke of
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1388-1428 Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1428-1434 |
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Son of
Magnus II. He belonged to the House of Welf and was the founder of the Middle
House of Lüneburg of this dynasty in 1409. |
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Otto I der Hinkende |
*bef. 1410-†1446 1434-1446 Co-regent: Frederick
der Fromme 1434-1446 |
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Otto the
Limp was born before 1410 as the eldest son of Bernhard I. After the death of
his father in 1434, he took over the government in the Principality of Lüneburg
together with his brother Friedrich I the Pious. Otto died in 1446 1414 Arms:
¼: 1. Brunswick; 2; 3 & 4: a lion. L.: s. ottonis • ducis
• i bruswik • luneborch. (These arms are enigmatic because
the three lions cannot be determined, according to Seyler, p 281) As a second coat of arms the arms of
Braunschweing were ascribed to him:
Hans Ingeram’s Wappenbuch (1452-’59) The caption reads: Das sind die dry edlen geschlacht arma illustrimi
principatis dni dni ludowico
dalpini wiviidi Rex ladislaus
sanctus Otto post otto regnabit tercius
Otto praunschwick The
arms on this leaf are of: Louis II Dauphin (*1423-1456/ †1483) Ladislas Posthumus of Hungary (*1440-†1457) Otto I of Lüneburg (bef. 1410-†1446) In this case the brothers bore the arms of their
father Bernard I who was a Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. This would
date the arms on between 1414 and 1434.
Emperor Frederick II enfeoffes Otto the Child with
the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg at the Diet in
Mayence of 1235 Illustration by Hans
Bornemann in the “Lüneburger Sachsenspiegel ”
of 1442 - 1448. Represented
is Emperor Sigimund (†1437) and a duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, probably Otto the
Lame himself (at the age of 24 ?), with a shield quarterly.
Friedrich der Fromme and Otto der Hinkende,
1434-1445. Schildgroschen (Sechsling),
. [4] Arms: Lion (the hearts missing)
The crested arms of Braunschweig-Lüneburg after the
accession in Lüneburg of Otto and Friedrich in 1434 The caption reads: Otto post Otto regnabit tercius Otto herzog von prunswick The main crested coat of arms is surrounded by the
arms of honburg, stettin, halbermond,
ebertstein, cronstorff and welffen. |
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Friedrich der Fromme |
*1418-†1478 1st term 1434-1441 2nd term 1446-1458 |
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Was born
about 1418 as a second son of Bernard
I. After the death of his father he succeeded in the principality together with
his brother Otto I. After hhis brother had died in 1446 Frederick contiued
the administration of Lüneburg alone. In 1457 his son Berhard II became of
age and Frederick abandoned the administration and retired in a monastery.
After his son had died in 1464 and his second son Otto II had died in 1471
Frederick had to leave his monastery again to take the regency for his three
year old grandson Henry I the Middle. He died in 1478 and was buried in
the Franciscan monastery church in Celle, founded by him.
Fridrich hertzog zv braunschweig
und luneburg bernharts son starb in 1478 (watercolor on vellum, 1720)
Arms:
Luneburg; Crest: Two
sickles Or, decorated with peacock feathers proper. L.: h. lunenborch. (Bergshammer n°s 64, 3120) |
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Bernhard II |
1458-†1464 |
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Otto II |
1464-†1471 |
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Heinrich I der Mittlere Friedrich der Fromme |
1471-1522 Regent 1471-1478 |
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Gravestone of Henry the Middle 1532 Kloster Wienhausen, Gemeindekirche. 11 ´: 125,5 ´ 3 cm. Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Arms: Four shields with the arms of Nassau (on the
dexter) and Polanen (on the sinster) and the crested arms of
Braunschweig-Lüneburg Caption: ANNO A CHRISTO SALVATORE NOSTRO NATO M D
XXXII / FEBRVARII DIE XIX QVI VIT DIES MARTIS POST REMINIS= / CERE PIE IN
CHRISTO OBIIT HENRICVS·BRVNSVI(CENSIVM) ET / LVNAEBVRGENSIVM DVX OTHONISa)
FILIVSb) ANNO AETATIS SVAE LXVI [In the
year 1532 after the birth of Christ our Redeemer, on the 19th day of
February, which was the Tuesday after Reminiscere, Heinrich, Duke of
Braunschweig and Lüneburg, son of Duke Otto, died piously in Christ at the
age of 66] |
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Otto III |
1471-1522 |
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Son of
Otto II on Lüneburg-Harburg |
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Ernst I der Beknner |
1522-1527 |
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Son of
Heinrich I of Lüneburg- Celle Arms: ¼: 1.
Braunschweig; 2. Lüneburg; 3. Eberstein; 4. Homburg Crest: Braunschweig-Lüneburg As on a
portrait of Ernst der Bekenner in the Lüneburger Bilderchronik of 1595. Pen
and ink drawing |
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Franz |
1536-1539 |
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Francis Otto |
1546-1559 |
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Henry |
1559-1598 |
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New Line of Lüneburg 1559-1679 |
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Wilhelm der Junger |
1559-1592 |
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foto H.d.V.
16.V.’81 Celle, Altes Rathaus (1579) Arms: ¼: 1. Brunswick; 2. Lüneburg; 3. Azuer
a crowned lion Argent (Eberstein); 4. Gules a crowned lion Or within a
bordure compony Argent and Az; 4. Homburgure (Homburg). Crest: On
a helmet lambrequined Or and Gules a
pile Gules crested of peacock-feathers between two sickles Argent, hilted
Gules and decorated with peacock-feathers, charged with a running horse
Argent. (Brunswidk-Lüneburg).
Foto hdb Arms of Wilhelm der Junger and his sister Margarethe Façade of
Gymnasium Casimirianum, Coburg; 1585 W.: 1/6:
1. Brunswick; 2. Lüneburg; 3. Eberstein; 4. Homburg; 5. Or two bears-claws Sable (Hoya); 6. ¼:
1&4: Gironny of eight pieces Azure and Argent (Bruchhausen ancient);
2&3: Barry of four pieces Gules and Argent (Bruchhausen modern). H.: 1. Brunswick-Lüneburg; D.: Two bears’claws Sable (Hoya); S.: Two trunks chequy Azure and Argent and four pennons per fess Gules and Argent.(Bruchhausen). (Siebm. Taf. 51). |
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Ernst II |
1592-1611 |
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Supralibros
of Ernst II, 1603 Origin: Duke Ernst II., Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle, Caption: Wg Von Gottes Gnaden Ernestvs Hertzog Zv Brvnschwich Vnd Lvneborch Svm Ernesti Dvcis Brvnsvicensis Et Lvnaebvrgensis 1603 Size 115x80 mm Book cover (supralibros) with the arms of
Duke Ernst II. zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle Date:1603 Arms: 1/6: 1 Brunswick; 2. Lüneburg; 3.
Eberstein; 4. Hombug; 5. Hoya; 6. ¼ of
Bruchhausen modern & ancient. Crest: Brunswick-Lüneburg; D.: Hoya; S. Bruchhausen; |
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Christian |
1611-1633 |
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1611 Arms: 1/9:
1. Lüneburg; 2. Brunswick; 3. Eberstein; 4. Homburg; 5. Hoya; 6. Gules, a
lion Or (Lauterburg) 7. ½ Bruchhausen ancient and moderr; 8. Argent, a stag
Sable (Klettenberg); 9. ½ a. chequy Gules and Argent (Hohenstein); b. Barry
of 7 pieces Or and Gules (Lauterburg 2). Base: 1|2: a. Argent, antlers Gules.
(Reinstein); b. Argent, antlers Sable (Blankenberg). Crest: 1. Brunswick-Lüneburg; D.: Hoya; S.: Bruchhausen. IV.Antlers Sable an a bunch of peacock-feathers (Klettenberg-Eberstein); V. Antlers Gules and Argent (Reinstein-Blankenburg). (Siebm. Taf. 52). |
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August the Elder |
*1568-†1636 Evangelian
administrator of Ratzeburg 1610-1636 Duke of
Lüneburg-Hannover 1633-1636 |
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Son of William the Younger
Arms of August the Elder St.-Laurentius-Kirche,
Schönberg (Mecklenburg),
altar. Eight-fielded
shield charged with the arms of Ratzeburg diocese in nombril point: Per pale
the dexter Azure, a crozier Or, the sinister Or, a castle dimidiated Azure.
Reichtstaler of August the Elder 1634 Eight-fielded shield enté en
point, charged with the arms of administrator August the Elder in nombril point: a saltire of a crozier
and a sword, charged with a castle chrowned with a mitre |
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George |
Lüneburg Hannover 1636-1641 |
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Archievement of George, 1640 Arms: 1/12: 1. Lüneburg; 2. Brunswick; 3. Eberstein; 4. Homburg; 5. Or, a crowned lion Gules (Upper Diepholz); 6. Lauterburg 7. ½ Hoya & Bruchhausen; 8. Azure a crowned eagle Argent (Lower Diepholz); 9 ½ Hohenstein and Lauterburg 2; 10. Reinstein; 11. Klettenberg; 12. Blankenburg. Crest: 1. Brunswick-Lüneburg; D.:
Hoya; S.: Bruchhausen. IV.
Klettenberg-Eberstein; V. Reinstein-Blankenburg with a white and a red trunk
(Diepholz). Supporters:
Two savages with oak leaves around their loins, armed with clubs, the crests
of IV and V over their heads . (Siebm. Taf. 52).
foto H.d.V.
16.05.’81 The same arms on the market place of
Lüneburg, crowned with a ducal crown of five leaves, four pearls an two hoops over a high purple cap On a ribbon:
georg br et lu laelm agdt. |
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Frederick |
Celle 1636-1648 |
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Christian Louis |
1641-1665 |
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Christain Louis Taler, 1663 |
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George William |
1648-1705 |
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1670 Arms: 1/12: 1. Lüneburg; 2. Brunswick; 3. Eberstein; 4. Homburg; 5. Upper Diepholz ; 6. Lauterburg 7. ½ Hoya & Bruchhausen; 8. Lower Diepholz; 9 ½ Hohenstein en Lauterburg 2; 10. Reinstein; 11. Klettenberg; 12. Blankenburg. Crest: 1. Brunswick-Lüneburg; D.: Hoya; S.: Bruchhausen; IV. Klettenberg-Eberstein; V. Reinstein-Blankenburg-Diepholz. Celle Castle, foto H.d.V. 1992 |
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John Frederick |
1665-1679 |
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Johann Friedrich. 1 Thaler, 1666 Arms: Twelve-fielded shield and five crests L.: IOHAN[n]•FRIEDRICH D[ei]•G[ratia]•DUX•BRUNS[uicensis]•ET LUNEB[urgensis] |
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Ernest August |
1679-1698 Elector 1692 |
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The first
major deviation occurred after the House of Hanover had received the electoral
dignity in 1692. Elector Ernst August IX now showed the Brunswick leopards,
the jumping Saxon horse and the Lüneburg lion in the three fields of the
first row of his multi-field coat of arms. With this arrangement, a
suggestion was apparently implemented by the Hanoverian philosopher and court
historian Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who in 1692 had stated in an expert
report that the three coats of arms in question were the "pieces
essentielles et principales", i.e. the essential and main pieces, in the
coat of arms of the House of Welf [5] The dukes of Wolfenbüttel, on the
other hand, had the Saxon horse, if they wore it, differently placed on a
label in the middle of the second row of their shield. [6] Also at
the suggestion of Leibniz comes the empty "waiting sign", in the
second and third rows of te electoral arms which was intended to heraldically
reproduce the arch office still to be awarded to the new "Elector of
Hannover" .[7]
Arms of Ernst August and Georg Louis 1692-1710 Arms: 1/15:
1. Brunswick; 2. Gules a horse Argent (Westfalen); 3. Lüneburg; 4.
Eberstein; 6. Homburg; 7. Upper Diepholz; 9. Lauterburg 1 . 10. Lower
Diepholz; 11. Hoya; 12. Lauterburg 2; 13. Klettenberg; 14. ½ Bruchhausen ancient and new; 15. Hohenstein. Base
1|2 Reinstein and Blankenburg. In 5 & 8: an empty shield Crown: An
electors cap On the reverse a running horse in a meadow. (Siebm. Taf.
54). |
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George Louis |
1698-1727 Arch Treasurer1710 King of England 1714 |
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In 1710, Elector Georg Ludwig of Hannover finally
received the office of "Arch Treasurer" of the Holy Roman Empire of
the German Nation, which was represented by the golden imperial crown. in red
[8]. Above the shield, the Hanoverian
electors used an electors cap instead of the previous princely crown
according to their new rank. 1710-1713
Arms: 1/15: 1.
Brunswick; 2. Westfalen; 3. Lüneburg;
4. Eberstein; 6. Homburg; 7. Diepholz 1; 9. Lauterburg 1 . 10.
Diepholz 2; 11. Hoya; 12. Lauterburg; 13. Klettenberg; 14 ½ Bruchhausen
Ancient & Modern; 15. Hohenstein.
Base 1|2 Reinstein and Blankenburg. In 5 & 8: Gules the Imperial crown Or (Arch Treasurer). Crown: An
electorscap. Order: Of
the Garter Motto: dieu et mon droit Supporters: Two
lions guardant The coat of arms of Hannover underwent a
further change when Elector Georg Ludwig succeeded Great Britain in 1714 as
King George I.
Foto H.d.V. 07.
1979 Marshaltor Hannover Dated MDCCXIIII Arms: ¼: 1.: 1|2 Engeland and Scotland; 2. France;
3. Ireland; 4. Tierced per pile: 1. Brunswick; 2. Lüneburg; 3. Westfalen.
Ensigned Arch Treasurer (Hannover). Crown: A
royal crown Order.: Of
the Garter. Supporters:
D.: A crowned lion guardant. S.: A unicorn Argent, hoofed maned, halstered
with a crown and shackled Or. Motto: dieu et mon droit. |
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George II |
1727-1760 |
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The
baroque portal of the Garde de Corps barracks built in 1738 with the British
coat of arms in the form of before 1801, which was translocated in front of the
entrance of the Städtische Bauverwaltung in Hannover (1955). |
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George III |
1760-1815 |
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Achievement of Gorge III (1765) St Lawrence
Church, Brundish, Suffolk (UK) 1801 Achievement Arms: ¼:
1&4 England; 2. Scotland; 3. Ireland;
4. Hannover: tierced per pile of Brunswick, Lüneburg and Saxony with the
imperial crown in nombril point. Crest: On
a helmet lambrequined Or and ermine a royal crown crested of a lion passant guardant Or
royallly crowned. Order: Of
the Garter. Supporters:
D.: A crowned lion guardant. S.: A unicorn maned, hoofed, with a crown about
its neck and shackled Or Motto: dieu et mon droit. |
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Annexated by the French Empire and
divided into the Departements Bouches de l’Elbe and Bouches du Weser
The
département des Bouches-de-l'Elbe (in german: Departement der Elbmündung(en),
or Elbmündungs-departement, numéro 128 according to the list of départements
of 1811) is a former french département with the capital Hamburg from 1811 to
1814.
The
département des Bouches-du-Weser (Weser Mündungen) was a departement of the
First French Empire from 1811 to 1814. It was named after the river Weser.
Its capital was Bremen. |
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George III |
1815-1820 |
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foto
H.d.V. 07. 1979 Landtag
Hannover 1816 Arms:
¼: 1&4: Engeland; 2. Schotland; 3.
Ireland; H.: Hannover with electorscap. Crown: A
royal crown Order: Of the
Garter, Of the Guelphs (Hannover 12.08.1815). Supporters:
D.: A crowned lion guardant. S.: A unicorn Argent, hoofed maned, halstered
with a crown and shackled Or. Motto: dieu et mon droit. together with thistles and roses, the flowers of England and Scotland
Collar and cross of the Order of the Guelphs (12.08.1815) |
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George IV |
1820-1830 |
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Achievement of the King of Great Britain and
Hannover 1815-1837 Orders: 1. Of the Garter; 2 Of St. Patrick; 3 Of the Bath;
4 Of the Thistle; 5 Of the Guelphs. For
decoration two shamrocks for Ireland, two thistles for Scotland and a white
and red rose for England.
Lesser arms 1815-1866 |
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William IV |
1830-1837 |
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Achievement on the Constitution, 1833 Arms: ¼:
1&4: Engeland; 2. Schotland; 3.
Ireland; H.: Hannover with electorscap. Crown: A
royal crown Order: Of
the Garter, Supporters:
D.: A crowned lion guardant. S.: A unicorn Argent, hoofed maned, halstered
with a crown and shackled Or. Motto: dieu et mon droit. together with thistles and roses the flowers of England and Scotland |
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Ernst August II |
King of Hannover 1837-1851 |
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Royal Hannoverian Achievement, 1837 With collar and star of the
Order of the Guelphs Arms: ¼:
1&4: England; 2. Scotland; 3.
Ireland; In chief a laber of three
Argent. On an escutcheon in
nombril point: Hannover Crown: A
royal crown Order: Collar
and star of the Order of the Guelphs Supporters:
D.: A crowned lion guardant with a label of three Argent S.: A unicorn
Argent, hoofed, maned, halstered with a crown and shackled Or. With a labe of
three Argent. Motto: suscipere et finire. (Undertake and Finish).
Royal Hannoverian Achievement 1848 The label in the shield removed.
Thistles and roses, the flowers of England and Scotland have been added |
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George V |
*1819-†1878 1851-1866 |
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Hanover's
coat of arms was changed again during the reign of King George V (1851-1866).
The "coat of arms" of the Kingdom of Hanover from 1860 may illustrate
this. There the shield is surrounded by a red gold-trimmed bandeau, which has
the motto NVNQVAM RETRORSUM (Never Retreat) in gold
letters. Below the shield are the orders of the two Hanoverian orders, the
Order of St. George and the Guelph Order. An innovation are the
"British" symbols between the laurel branch and the oak branch
above the white gold-trimmed ribbon, the red rose for England, the green
shamrock for Ireland and the thistle flower for Scotland, which have nothing
to do with Hanover
Royal Hannoverian Achievement 1860 All
labels removed, a red strap inscribed NVNQVAM RETRORSUM and the collar and cross of the Order of
St. George added
Cross of the Order of St. George (23.04.1839). Arms: ¼:
1&4: England; 2. Scotland; 3.
Ireland; On an escutcheon in nombril point: Hannover Crown: A
royal crown Order: Guelpenorden
and of St George (Hannover
23.04.1839) with the motto NUNQUAM RETRORSUM
(Never Retreat) in golden lettering on a strap Gules. Supporters:
D.: A crowned lion guardant. S.: A unicorn Argent, hoofed maned, halstered
with a crown and shackled Or. Together with thistles and rosesm the flowers
of England and Scotland Motto: suscipere et finire. (Undertake and
Finish).. (Siebm. 1856, Taf. 45). |
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Prussian Rule |
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Hannover, 1866-1881 Hannover was annexated in 1866 by Prussia.
For the area, which kept its name of Hannover, the coat of arms of Lüneburg
was initially used. |
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By government decision of 28 February 1881
the province was granted an achievement consisting of a white running horse
on a red field with a crest of Brunswick-Lüneburg. For supporters: A savage with the banner of
Prussia on the dexter and a knight in armour with the banner of Hannover on
the sinister. (Ströhl)
1920
1920 In 1922,
the provincial president suggested that the provincial coat of arms be
changed so that the Prussian eagle was placed over the running silver horse
in a silver chief. He assumed that the heraldic symbols used on the large
coat of arms were no longer permitted and that it would not be possible to
attach a breast shield in the shape of the Prussian eagle. He was undoubtedly
right, but the name of Prussian rule was heavily rejected. Although the
Provincial Committee approved his draft (based on Böhm's drawing) on 16
October 1923, the Prussian Ministry of State gave its approval almost a year
later, on 21 August 1924, but part of the Hanoverian press, e.g. B. the Hann.
Landeszeitung (on 5 May 1925), launched a campaign against these coats of
arms, which it described as an affront to the feelings of the Hanoverian
population, and on 9 May 1925 the Provincial Parliament unanimously declined,
but at the same time decided to continue the running horse in red without the
eagle. The Ministry of State withdrew its approval, which it thought the
Hanoverians would have pleased, (the Provincial Committee had approved the
draft) and in the course of summer declared it not to have been granted. On
25 December 1925, the Provincial Committee dealt with the matter again and
determined that the middle coat of arms should be discontinued, the small one
would only be changed by the new eagle, but the large one should remain as
before, but in the standard of the (now completely senseless) wild man the
new Prussian eagle had to stand. The wild man has no longer denounced the
belonging to the Prussian state since that had abandoned him. Ministerial
approval was granted on 25 October
1926, and Hanover now bears the coat of arms that the High President had
declared impossible in 1922. The red shield contains the running silver Saxon
horse; The golden-crowned helmet (with red = silver) covers carries between
two red-stalked, silver sickles, whose backs are each covered with six
peacock feathers, a red column, in whose golden crown there are three peacock
feathers, in front of which a golden six-striated star hovers. The horse of
the shield repeats itself between the sickles. The shield keep to
the right the leafy-crowned wild man, in whose golden-framed, silver standard
the Prussian eagle hovers. On the left, the armored knight with the black and
white Prussian field bark and the ostrich feathers in yellow and white
povincial colors on the helmet. The shield is repeated in its standard.
Coat of
Arms
Smaller
achievement 1925
Larger Achievement 1926 |
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N.S. Era |
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In 1933 Hannover was divided into three
districts (Gaue): Weser-Ems (comprising
Oldenburg); Ost Hannover and Hannover Braunschweig (also comprising
Braunschweig). From these three districts was formed the State of Lower
Saxony (Niederachsen) on 23 Novmber 1946.
Nr. 24 Gau: Ost-Hannover Verwaltungssitz: Buchholz in der Nordheide, ab 1. April 1937 Lüneburg, zuvor Harburg Fläche: 18.006 km² Einwohner (1941): 1.060.509 Gauleiter
(exkl. Stellvertreter): Bernhard Rust (1925 bis 1928), danach ab 1928 Otto
Telschow Arms.: Or, a three-towered castle Gules, masoned
Sable, roofed Azure, in its gate a portcullis Argent over the arms of Duchy
of Lüneburg: Or, strewn with hearts Gules a lion rampant Azure (Sable). |
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Arms: Gules, a rearing horse Argent Nr. 33 Gau: Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig
Verwaltungssitz:
Hannover Fläche:
14.553 km² Einwohner
(1941): 2.136.961 Gauleiter (exkl. Stellvertreter): Ludolf Haase von 1925 bis 1928, danach von 1928 bis 1940 Bernhard Rust, danach ab 1940 Hartmann Lauterbacher |
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Nr. 37 Gau: Weser-Ems Verwaltungssitz: Oldenburg (Oldb) Fläche: 15.044 km² Einwohner (1941): 1.839.302 Gauleiter (exkl. Stellvertreter): Carl Röver von 1929 bis 1942, danach ab 1942 Paul Wegener Arms: ¼ : 1&4: barry of five pieces
Or and Gules; 2&3: Azure a garb Or; |
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State of
Hannover |
1946 |
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Flag. State of Hannover, 1946 The State of
Hanover was founded under Regulation No. 46 of the British
military government dated 23 August 1946 "concerning
the dissolution of the provinces of the former State of Prussia in the British Zone and their recreation as
independent states". Its first Minister-President was Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf. But by 23 November
1946 the British Military Government had approved the formation of the new
state of Lower Saxony from the unification of the states of Brunswick, Oldenburg and Schaumburg-Lippe
with the state of Hanover at the instigation of their German leaders. Hinrich
Wilhelm Kopf also discussed other territorial options for a Lower Saxony
state which would have included Bremen and Ostwestfalen-Lippe. In the chief:
Stained glass window of the achievement of Hannover, 1903-1905. Bomann
Museum, Celle. |
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To Æ Niedersachsen |
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© Hubert de Vries 2020-02-13
Heraldry of the World