MILANO
Habsburgs and Italian Kingdom
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The Habsburgs In 1535
the house of Visconti-Sforza died out with the death of Francesco II. The
duchy now came to Charles V of Habsburg, who in 1540 lent it to his son
Philip, then thirteen years old. The Habsburgs adopted the use of weapons
unchanged from the Sforza, that is to say that on the one hand the single
weapon of the Visconti, covered with a duke's crown, was used, but on the
other hand also the quartilated weapon. In late 17th-century depictions, the
helmet sign snake has silver wings and the shield is held by two respected
lions. The helmets are sometimes in the form of a coat of arms. As a
duke, Philip II placed the quartered coat of arms as a heart shield on his dynastic
coat of arms, as a seal from 1555 (the year he succeeded his father in Italy)
and was still married to Mary of England) shows. [1]) In the
War of the Spanish Succession, Milan was conquered for the Austrians in 1706
by Prince Eugène of Savoie, and Austrian supremacy was recognized by the
Treaty of Utrecht. Among the Austrian Habsburgs, the use of arms in the duchy
changed in the sense that the dynastic coat of arms was now applied to the
quartered shield as a heart shield. In the greater coat of arms of the German
Emperors, the coat of arms of Visconti appears from the patent of arms by
Charles VI in 1715. The French Era 1796-1814 Napoleon
Bonaparte entered Milan on his Italian Campaign on 15 May 1796. At his suggestion,
the Cispadan Federation was founded in Modena on 16-18 October at a congress
of delegates from Bologna, Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. At a second convention
in Reggio from 27 December 1796 to 9 January 1797, the Cispadan Republic was
proclaimed. A flag for the Republic was adopted on 7 January. It would
consist of three horizontal bands of red, white and green. On the white lane
was an emblem composed of a quiver, a fasces and various weapons and two
flags in saltire. At the top were the initials of the republic “R.C.” and the
whole was surrounded by a laurel wreath. [2] In July,
the republic was renamed Cisalpine Republic with the capital Milan. Following
the French example, the emblem became a virgin of freedom, dressed in white,
with a red robe that supports a bundle with her right hand and holds a stake
in her left hand on which a Phrygian cap. She is standing on a green grassy
ground on a blue field. [3] In 1802,
the Cisalpine Republic was renamed the Italian Republic and a new emblem was
adopted by decree of 13 May of the same year.
[4] It consists of a crossed sword and palm branch with a balance over it. In 1805
Venice, Istria and the Dalmatian Coast were added to the territory and at the
same time the republic became a kingdom. Napoleon was crowned king in May. Various
achievements were used in the kingdom. The first, intended as a state coat of
arms, has the coat of arms of the kingdom on the shield. This is gold with a
silver crown with seven points (also: green with a gold crown). The shield is
surrounded by an iron rim studded with gold nails and the collar of the
Legion of Honor. It lies on the chest of the imperial (French) eagle, above
which a golden star floats charged with the letter "N". The royal
mantle is green, with gold fringes and embroidered with silver roses and
lined with ermine. It falls from a crown with a laurel crown as a diadem. The royal
coat of arms, as on the royal seal, and as it was borne by Prince Eugène de
Beauharnais as governor of the kingdom, has five fields with the coat of arms
of the kingdom on a heart shield. The shield is divided in three, the first
sections of red over blue, the second silver and the third sections of blue
over red (the French colors). The fields are resp. charged with the emblems
of the papal standard-bearer for Parma, the silver eagle of Modena, the blue
serpent of Visconti, the golden lion of Venice and the silver cross with the
label of Piemonte with a silver tower for Bologna in the fourth quarter. The
showpieces are identical to those described for the small arms. In the
Kingdom, the former Duchy of Milan was divided into the departments of Olona
and Haut Pô. The Restoration of the Austrians and its
Joining to Italy. After the
defeat of Napoleon, the former Duchy of Milan, merged with the western part
of the former Republic of Venice (under the kingdom the dept. Adda, Serio and
Mella), was returned to the Austrians under the name of Lombardy. On 7 April
1815, it was united with Venice to form the Lombard-Venetian Kingdom in
personal union with the Austrian crown countries. Before the Kingdom of
Lombardy joined Italy on 8 June 1858, the kingdom used a shield quartilated
from Visconti and Venice with a heart shield shared by Habsburg-Austria-Lorraine.
It is covered by the Iron Crown of Monza and surrounded by the collars and
ribbons of four Austrian Orders and the Order of the Iron Crown. This last
order was founded on 5 June 1805 by Napoleon as an Italian order. In 1816 it
was restored by Emperor Francis I, whereby the jewel was adapted, among other
things. [5] In the
coat of arms of the Austrian Archdukes, the kingdom is represented in the
third quarter on which the arms of Visconti-Venice are placed side by side.
The same order is maintained in the imperial achievementr of 1836 on which
the shield is covered with the Iron Crown. These arms disappeared in later
grants of arms. After
Lombardy joined Italy, the area became one of the landscapes in the Kingdom
at the end of the nineteenth century. For this, the Visconti arms was put
back into use. After W.W. II when Lombardy still had no administrative
status, in 1958 the Milanese cross was proposed as the arms of the landscape. In the
French era, the city of Milan used
a coat of arms with the cross, plus a green chief with the black initial
"N" and three gold stars. The shield, surrounded by a golden
garland, has a wall crown from which the French eagle rises. By decree of 7
November 1855, the coat of arms with the cross was confirmed by Emperor
Francis Joseph I. The Italian king approved the coat of arms once again by
decree of 19 March 1934. It is covered
with a mural crown. [6] The coat of arms of the province of Milan has five quarters with the coat
of arms of the city in the middle. It is crowned with the Italian provincial
crown. It was adopted at 22.10.1914 |
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Heraldry |
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Philip
II |
*1527-1598 1540-1598 ¥ Mary Tudor of England 1554-1558
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King of Engeland and Naples, Prince of Spain and Duke of Milan
Heraldic seal and counterseal. 1554 Arms.: 1|2: I. ½: 1: ½: 1: 1|2 Castile-Leon and
Aragon; 2. 1|3 of Jeruzalem, Hungary and Sicily-Trinacria. 2. The
Netherlands. II. ¼ of France and England. Escutcheon in nombril point.: ¼ Roman
king and Milan-Visconti. Crown: Royal Crown L.: philippus d.g. ang
fran neap etc rex princ. hisp dvx mediolani.
Counterseal 1554 On the
counterseal. L.: philippus rex princeps hisp dux mediolani.
Smaller arms A quarterly of Germany and
Visconti 1582
Biscione,
1550 ca |
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Philip III |
1598-1621 |
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Larger
arms Of a per fess of Spain and the
Netherlands charged with a quarterly the Gwermany and Visconti
Smaller arms |
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Philip IV |
1621-1640 |
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Charles II |
1665-1700 |
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Larger arms 1665-1700
Achievement of Milan On a Dutch playing card
from the 2nd half of the 17th century [7] Arms:
Visconti. Crest: Visconti. Supporters. Two lions. Mantle. |
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Philip V |
1700-1706 |
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Ducat of Philip V, 1702 Arms: Per fess: of Spain; and the Netherlands. In chief Fance Bourbon In
base quarterly of Germany and Visconti |
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Leopold I |
1700-1705 |
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Arms: ¼: Or, an eagle Sable and Argent, a crowned
serpent Azure devouring a man proper. Crown: A crown of five leaves. Crest: On helmets ducally crowned 1. A bunch of
peacock-feathers charged with a roundel Argent, a cross Gules; 2. A
two-headed eagle nimbused an imperially crowned charged with the letter L; 3.
A crowned serpent issuant Azure, devouring a man proper, winged Argent. Supporters: Two lions guardant holding spears, the dexter
ensigned Argent, a cross Gules, the sinister of the biscione of Visconti. |
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Jozef
I |
1706-1711 |
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Eugène of Savoy |
Governor of Milan 1707-1715 |
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Foto H.d.V. 2009 Arms of Eugène of Savoie in the town hall of Cremona Arms: ¼: 1 & 4: Savoy; 2 & 3: ¼ of Germany
and Visconti. |
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Charles VI |
1711-1740 |
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Achievement of Charles VI, 1723 Arms: ¼: 1. Of the Hungaryan
and Bohemian Heritage; 2; Of de Spanish heritage 3 Of the Burgundian
heritage; 4. Of the Catalan heritage. And in an enté en point a parti of Germany and Visconti Crown: A royal crown Supporter:
A nimbused two-headed eagle Sable, beaked and clawed
Gules, in his dexter a sceptre and a sword and in his sinister an orb. [8]
Smaller arms Arms: A quarterly of Germany and Visconti. Crown: An antique crown Probably
with the “antique crown” the Iron Crown of Monza is meant and this would be
the first time that the iron crown is referred to in Italian heraldry. |
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Maria Theresia |
1740-1780 |
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Seal of Maria Theresia, 1773 Arms: Mantova;
Austria and Burgundy ancient; Hungary ancient and modern, Castilla, Leon Aragon;
Sicily, Bohemia, Brabant, Parma, Transilvania, Carniola, Silesia, Stiria,
Habsburg, Karinthia, Tirol, Jülich, Gorizia, Bar, Loraine, Jeruzalem,
Toscana, Falkenstein. In nombril point Milan Visconti crowned. Crown: A royal crown Supporter: A two-headed
eagle, nimbused and imperially crowned Caption: X MARIA :
THERESIA : D(EI) : G(RATIA) : ROM(ANORUM) : IMPERATRIX / REG(INA) : GER
(MANIAE) : HUN(GARIAE) : BOH(EMIAE) : A(RCHIDUX) : A(USTRIAE) : DUX :
MEDIOLANI [9]
Coin of Maria Theresia 1779 Arms: Quarterly of Germany and Visconti charged
with an escucheon of Habsburg. Crown: A Grand-ducal crown Garland: Of palm am olive
Per pale of Germany and Vinsconti (1777) |
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AJozef II |
1780-1790 |
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Coin of
Jozef II Arms: Visconti Crown: A Grand-ducal crown |
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Leopold II |
1790-1792 |
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1 Lira of Leopold II Arms: Quarterly of Germany and Visconti charged
with an escucheon per pale of Habsburg and Lorraine Crown: A Grand-ducal crown Garland: Of palm am olive |
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Francis II |
1792-1796 |
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30 soldi of Francis II (1795) Arms: Quarterly of Germany and Visconti charged
with an escucheon per pale of Habsburg and Lorraine Crown: A Grand-ducal crown |
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Repubblica
Transpadana |
1796 |
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The Transpadane
Republic (Repubblica Transpadana)
was a revolutionary, provisional and internatio-nally unrecognized
government established in Milan by General Napoleon Bonaparte. From 1796
until 1805 the heraldry of the subsequent Italian Republics was inspired by
the heraldy of the French
Republic
???????????????? History On 10 May
1796, the French army defeated the Austrian troops in the Battle of Lodi, and occupied the
ancient Duchy of Milan. Napoleon set up a temporary authority, the General Administration of Lombardy,
which replaced the Austrian officials and created a French client
republic in Northern Italy, adopting the French Republican
Calendar. The
Administration was granted full civil powers by a proclamation of Napoleon on
8 Brumaire year V (29 October 1796), even if its orders had to be approved by
the French military commander of Lombardy. The Administration was composed of
four departments: one for religious and cultural affairs, one for
transportation and engineering affairs, one for financial and tax affairs,
and one for mercantile and commercial affairs. After the
new victories of Napoleon's army, the territory of the republic grew; with
the Preliminars
of Leoben of
17 April 1797, France began the occupation of the Most Serene Republic of Venice, conquering Bergamo and moving eastwards from the Adda River to the Oglio River, the demarcation line with the
Venetian territories established more than three centuries earlier. On 19
May, Napoleon transferred to Milan the territories of the former Duchy of Modena from the bordering Cispadane
Republic. On 29
June, the General decided to give to the republic a final arrangement and
a pro forma independence: by his own decree, he proclaimed the
birth of the Cisalpine
Republic. |
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1796-1797 |
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The Cispadane
Republic (Repubblica Cispadana)
was a short-lived republic located in northern Italy, founded in
1796 with the protection of the French army, led by Napoleon Bonaparte.
In the following year, it was merged with the Transpadane
Republic (formerly the Duchy of Milan until 1796) to form
the Cisalpine Republic. These were French client
states organized by Napoleon after the Battle of Lodi in May
1796. The republic's name refers to the "near side" of the River Po. After
the Battle of Lodi in May 1796, Napoleon
Bonaparte organized two states: one to the south of the Po, the Cispadane Republic, and one to the
north, the Transpadane Republic. On 19 May 1797, Napoleon transferred
the territories of the former Duchy of Modena to Transpadania and,
on 12 Messidor (29 June), he decreed the birth of the Cisalpine Republic,
creating a Directory for the republic and appointing its ministers. France
published the constitution of the new republic on 20 Messidor (7 July), establishing
the division of the territory into eleven departments: Adda (Lodi), Alpi
Apuane (Massa), Crostolo (Reggio), Lario (Como), Montagna (Lecco), Olona
(Milan), Panaro (Modena), Po (Cremona), Serio (Bergamo), Ticino (Pavia), and
Verbano (Varese). |
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Project for a Constitution of the Cispadane Republic
(1797)
First emblem (1797) Emblem: a lad sitting astride, his dress blowing, in
his right a quiver, in his left a torch, at his feet an imperial and a
antique crown toppled, and a helmet. |
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Emblem of the Cispadane Republic, 1797 Emblem:
A fasces, a cannon and four national flags in
saltire charged with a quiver per
pale |
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Flag of the Cispadane Republic Historical reconstruction of
Ugo Bellocchi The flag
was adopted by the Congress of Reggio on the evening of 7 January 1797, on
the proposal of Giuseppe Compagnoni, as an emblem of the General Provisional
Government of the Cispadane Republic. The flag is described in the documents
as formed "of three colors green, white and red". Nel
secondo congresso Cisalpino a Reggio, dal 27 dicembre 1796 al 9 gennaio 1797,
i deputati delle popolazioni emiliane trasformarono la Federazione in < |
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Cispadane Officers Gorget with emblem Emblem: A stake
with a phrygian cap, charged with afasces and a quiver in saltire |
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1797-1802 |
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On 12 Messidor
(29 June), Napoleon decreed the birth of the Cisalpine Republic, creating a Directory for the republic and
appointing its ministers. France published the constitution of the new
republic on 20 Messidor (7 July), establishing the division of the territory
into eleven departments: Adda (Lodi), Alpi Apuane (Massa), Crostolo
(Reggio), Lario (Como), Montagna (Lecco), Olona (Milan), Panaro (Modena), Po
(Cremona), Serio (Bergamo), Ticino (Pavia), and Verbano (Varese). The rest
of Cispadania was merged into the Cisalpine Republic on 27 July, with the
capital of the unified state being Milan. On 1 Brumaire (22 October),
Bonaparte announced the union of Valtelline with the Republic,
after its secession from the Swiss Three Grey Leagues. Austria acknowledged
the new entity in the Treaty of Campoformio of 17 October, gaining
in exchange what remained of the Venetian Republic. On 25 Brumaire (15
November), the full international recognition and legality of the new state
was ratified by the law governing the final annexation of the conquered
territories. The
parliament, composed of two chambers (the Great Council and
the Council of the Seniors), was appointed directly by Napoleon on 1
Frimaire (21 November). He justified this undemocratic action as a necessity
of war. New departments joined the eleven original ones and Valtelline in the
following months: Benaco (Desenzano) on 11 Ventose (1 March 1798),
Mella (Brescia) on 13 Floreal (2 May), Mincio (Mantua) on 7 Prairial (26 May), and five
departments of Emilia. The structural phase of the republic was terminated on
14 Fructidor (31 August), when France dismissed all the authorities of the
republic, replacing them by a stronger executive power under a new
constitution. |
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First emblem |
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Standing Cisalpina with banner and fasces
Cisalpina with helmet, phrygian cap and fasces, seated before the symbols of
agriculture, industry and army |
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Il Direttorio Esecutivo The virgins of the Cisalpine
Republic and France shaking
hands. On the background Prosperity The text on the altar reads: Unione della
Repubblica Cisalpina colla Repubblica Francese
Government of Reno Department, 21 Floreal VII (10
May 1796) |
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Letterhead of Crevalcore municipality 3 Pluviose VII
(22.January 1796) Equality and Liberty |
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Letterhead of Bibbiano municipality 26 Messidor IX
(14 July 1798) |
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Minister of War 1 Ventose VII (19 February 1796) |
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Letterhead of Luigi Cattani captain of the 3rd
Battalion, 22 Vendemiaire X ( 13 October 1801) Rider rushing into the
flames and the motto Pro Patria |
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Standard of the 2nd Regiment Hussars of the
Cisalpine Republic |
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1802-1805 |
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The
Italian Republic was the successor of the Cisalpine
Republic, which
changed its constitution to allow the French First Consul Napoleon
to become its president. The new constitution changed the name of the state
to the "Italian Republic"; it consisted of the same areas that had
comprised the Cisalpine Republic, primarily Lombardy and Romagna. The coat
of arms was specified in a decree on 13 May, 1802. A treaty of friendship and
commerce with the Republic of San Marino was signed on 10 June
1802, the Concordat with the Holy See on 16 eptember 1803. The
government created the National Guard of Italy, a
National Gendarmerie, and a finance police; the metric
system was introduced and a national currency was planned, although
never minted during the Republican era. In 1805,
following Bonaparte's assumption of the title of Emperor of the French, the
Italian Republic was transformed into the Kingdom of Italy (Regno
d'Italia), with Napoleon as king and his stepson Eugène
de Beauharnais as viceroy. Decreto 13 maggio 1802: una bilancia pendente da un
nastro attraversante sopra una spada in banda e un ramo di palma in sbarra, uniti
in croce di S. Andrea e legati da un nastro. Le bandiere erano rosse,
caricate da una losanga bianca caricata a sua volta da un quadrato verde
recante l'emblema sopra descritto (bilancia, ecc.). |
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Seal of the President of the Italian Republic Ratification of the
Concordat between the Italian Republic and Pope Pius VII by Napoleon, Saint Cloud, 2 November 1803 A.A.., Arm. I-XVIII, 436a,
fol. 8v [10] Emblem: A balance charged with a palm-leaf and a
sword in saltire Caption: IN NOME DELLA REPUBBLICA ITALIANA BONAPARTE
PRESIDENTE
Standard of the Presidential Guard |
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17.03.1805-18.05.1815 |
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ISTITUZIONE
DEL REGNO D'ITALIA Lo « Statuto costituzionale » per il regno d'Italia è una Consulta
di Stato per la quale l'imperatore dei Francesi veniva proclamato Re d'Italia
per sé e i suoi discendenti. Il sovrano s'intitola « Napoléon, par la gràce
de Dieu et les Constitutions Empereur d es Français et Roi d'Italie »; il
testo della Consulta è bilingue. Ecco il testo italiano: La Consulta di Stato
decreta:
PROCLAMAZIONE DEL REGNO D'ITALIA Napoleone,
per grazia di Dio ed in virtù delle costituzioni Imperatore dei Francesi e Re
d'Italia, a tutti i presenti e futuri salute. La Consulta di Stato decreta, e
noi ordiniamo quanto segue: STATUTO COSTITUZIONALE La Consulta
di Stato, veduto il voto unanime della Consulta e Deputazioni unite, del
giorno 15 marzo 1805. Veduto l'art. 60 della Costituzione sulla iniziativa
costituzionale, Decreta Art. I.
L'Imperatore dei Francesi NAPOLEONE PRIMO è Re d'Italia. II. La
Corona d'Italia è ereditaria nella sua discendenza legittima e per retta
linea, sia naturale, sia adottiva, di maschio in maschio, escluse in perpetuo
le femmine e discendenza loro; il diritto di adozione non potrà estendersi ad
altri che ad un Cittadino dell'Impero Francese, o del Regno d'Italia. III.
Tosto che le armate straniere si saranno ritirate dal Regno di Napoli, dalle
Isole Jonie, e da quella di Malta, l'imperatore NAPOLEONE trasmetterà la
Corona d'Italia ad uno dei suòi figli maschi legittimi, sia naturale o
adottivo. IV. Da
quest'epoca la Corona d'Italia non potrà essere più unita alla Corona di
Francia nella stessa persona, ed i successori di NAPOLEONE PRIMO nel Regno
d'Italia dovranno stabilmente risiedere sul territorio della Repubblica Italiana.
V. Entro
l'anno corrente l'Imperatore NAPOLEONE, col parere della Consulta di Stato e
delle Deputazioni dei Collegi Elettorali, darà alla Monarchia Italiana
costituzioni fondate sopra le stesse basi di quelle dell'Impero Francese, e
sopra i principi medesimi delle leggi ch'Egli ha già date all'Italia ... gno.
Dato dal Palazzo delle Tuileries, il 17 marzo
1805, primo del nostro re NAPOLEONE [11]
Good liking royal portrait of Eugène de Beauharnais
Vice King [12] |
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The arms of the Kingdom There are
three versions of the coat of arms of the Kingdom, the smaller, the lesser,
and the larger. Although these are undoubtedly laid down in a decree, no copy
is available. The small
coat of arms consists of an oval shield with a studded edge with a heathen
crown. The Roman eagle seated on a lightning beam serves as a supporter.
Above the head of the eagle is a radiant five-pointed star charged with the
letter “N”. The
lesser achievement is the same as the smaller achievement, but surrounded by
the collar of the Legion of Honor and two
halberds in saltire upholdingh a green mantle strewn with with silver
roses and lined with ermine. A laurel crown with five braces on the mantle
Lesser Achievement Arms of State Arms: Or, an antique crown proper, surrounded by a
bordure Gules studded with bolts proper. Order: Of the Legion d’Honneur Supporter: A romand eagle Or, crested of a
five-poined star radiant charged with the letter N. Mantle: Vert, strewn with roses Argent, fringed Or, lined
ermine, upheld by two halberds in saltire en royally crowned The
antique crown is meant to be the Italian crown or the Iron Crown of Monza.
Heraldic Iron Crown
(1805-1814) On the arms of the Kingdom of Italy this crown is iron coloured |
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Larger Achievement Royal arms Arms: Tierced per pale: 1. Per fess of
Parma-Farnese (Gules the papal umbrella and the papal keys in saltire Or)
and Modena-Este (Azure, a crowned
eagle Argent) ; 2 Visconti (Argent a serpent Azure devouring a man proper) ; 3.
Per fess of Venice (AZure, the lion of St Marc Or) and Bologna modified:
Gules, a cross and a label of three Argent. In nombril point: Kingdom of
Italy. Order: The collar of the Legion d’Honneur. Supporter: A roman eagle Or, crested of a five-poined
star radiant charged with the letter N. Mantle: Vert, strewn with roses Argent, fringed Or,
lined ermine, upheld by two halberds in saltire en royally crowned. [13] |
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1st Kingdom of Italy Royal seal [14] Arms: The larger achievement of the kingdom Caption: • regno d’italia • sigillo
reale dei titoli For a
portrait of Eugène de Beauharnais:
harvardartmuseums.og/collection/object/354361?positions |
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1815-1866 |
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The Kingdom
of Lombardy–Venetia called the: Regno Lombardo-Veneto in Italian, was created in 1815 by
resolution of the Congress of Vienna in recognition of the
Austrian House of Habsburg-Lorraine's rights to Lombardy and
the former Republic of Venice, after the Napoleonic Kingdom of
Italy, proclaimed in 1805, had collapsed. It was finally dissolved in
1866 when its remaining territory was incorporated into the recently
proclaimed Kingdom of Italy. |
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1815–1835 |
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The arms of Visconti and Venice in alliance (1815). Crowned
with the Iron crown of Lombardy in a more naturalistic way and the imperial
crown of Austria. Surrounded by a garland of laurel
Achievement of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom
18715-1866 Arms: Quarterly of Visconti and the Venetian
Republic charged with an escutcheon tierced per pale of Habsburg, Austria and
Lorraine. Crown: The Iron Crown of Italy. Orders: Of the Fleece; Militay Order of Maria
Theresia; Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephem; Leopolds Order; Order of the Iron Crown. Supporter: A two-headed eagle royally crowned and
recrowned imperially, in its dexter a sceptre and a sword and in his sinister
an orb.
The same in colour |
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1835–1848 |
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Tabbard of the Lombardo-Venetian Herold. Vienna, 1838 Weltliche u. Geistliche Schatzkammer, Wien. Inv. Nr
XIV 47 |
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1848–12.10.1866 |
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Regno d´Italia |
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Milan
City was granted a coat of arms on 9 January 1813. It is: Arms: Argent, a straight cross, the bar slighty
curved Gules and a chief Vert charged with
the capital N surrounded by three six-leaved roses one and two Or. Crown: A mural crown of seven towers crested with
the french eagle issuant standing on a caduceus Garland: two braided olive and oak festoons, divided
between the two sides, rejoined and hanging from the tip Or
Coat of arms of Milan City, with golden leaves,
crown and double-headed eagle, By decree of Emperor Francis
I of Austria (1816), confirmed by Emperor Franz Joseph (07.11.1855.)
[15]
FIRST COAT,
These arms were confirmed in 1859, the year of foundation of the Province of
Milan, until 1914, when the first autonomous coat of arms was granted, the
new territorial body did not have a specific heraldic emblem, but uses the
same coat of arms of the Municipality of Milan: a red cross on a white field
SECOND
COAT, 1914 | The second coat of arms, to all intents and purposes the first
original symbol of the Province, determined to also highlight its autonomy from
the heraldic point of view, is granted by Royal Decree on 22 October 1914.
The coat of arms includes the representation of the coats of arms of four
Municipalities of the Circondario (Abbiategrasso, Gallarate, Lodi, Monza), in
addition to the red cross representative of the Municipality of Milan, as
required by the Consulta Araldica. Royal letter of Concession of the coat of arms -
21 January 1915. Vittorio Emanuele III communicates to the Province the
concession of the coat of arms, described as follows: "(...) quarterly:
in the first of Abbiategrasso, blue a golden lion, crowned; in the second of
Gallarate, truncated of silver and red, in each part a cock from the one in
the other; in the third of Lodi, gold a red cross; in the fourth of Monza,
blue the iron crown, surmounted by the
Cross of Queen Teodolinda; and all
over of Milan, silver with a red cross (...) "
Decree of the President of the Republic granting the modification of
the coat of arms – 7 May 1954. With this
decree, President Luigi Einaudi authorized the modification of the coat of
arms, described as follows: "(...) In the description, the coat of arms
of Gallarate is replaced by the one of Legnano, "truncated. in chief
red, a silver lion, below silver, a dried tree of red over a barren clearing
(...) "
THE NEW
ARMS OF THE PROVINCE OF MILAN, 1998 | The elements of the new symbol will be
the red cross on a white field, in memory of the flag of the Milanese people
fighting against Barbarossa, and the sun and moon of the emblem of Mirasole,
testimony of the agricultural work of the Humiliated - and more generally of
the Lombard industriousness - which represents the territory of the province,
formerly dedicated to agriculture. A complex graphic work has gradually
stylized the emblem to bring it closer to modern sensibility. The new
symbol was granted on 22 April 1998. [16] |
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The Iron
Crown of Monza |
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Gold,
precious stones and enamel L x
W.15,8 x 14,4 cm. H. 5,3 cm. Æ: 48 cm. Monza, Cathedral
The Iron Crown of Monza Gold, Precious stones and
enamel L ´ W 15,8 x 14,4
cm. H. 5,3 cm Æ: 48 cm. Monza, Cathedral The crown
consists of six golden plates, decorated with precious stones and enamels. On
the upper side are three holes and on the lowere side 48 double holes. The
plates are connected by an iron ring 2 cm wide. A recent
study concludes: [17] The Iron
Crown of Monza is thus the fruit of the interplay of eclectic cultural
currents. It combines the tradition of the late Roman imperial diadem with
the decorative system of the Visigothic votive crown and the cosmological
symbolism of the early Romanesque period. Based on these considerations, it
can be assumed that the Iron Crown originated in northern Italy at the
beginning of the ninth century, perhaps even before the Paliotto altar.[18] To which
there may be added: 1. The
crown is similar to the crown of St. Agnes on a mosaic in the Sant'Agnese
Fuori le Mura in Rome. The depicted queen wears a small crown consisting of a
number of hinged plates of which, as usual of the Iron Crown, three are
visible. Each plate is set with a large gem surrounded by four smaller ones
in the corners. Pendilia in the form of pearl strands are hung on the crown.
This would explain the holes in the Iron Crown. The Queen also wears a loros or long scarf that for the first
time forms part of the Byzantine imperial clothing under Leo VI, the Wise
(886-912). It is therefore likely that the mosaic was made at the end of the
ninth, early tenth century and that the depicted crown was worn at that time.
The crown is therefore certainly a women's crown, given its small size. |
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Image of St. Agnes on a mosaic in the Sant' Agnese
Fuori le Mura in Rome. The chapel
was commissioned by Pope Honorius I (625-638). Certainly a queen or empress
is depicted. The queen is dressed in a purple divetesion on which a gold, red-rimmed medallion with a green
goose inside. A hanging Loros around
her shoulders, set with large gemstones. Red gold-embroidered shoes at her
feet. She holds a codicil in her
hands. The crown, which may have strands of pearl, is very similar to the
Iron Crown of Monza. The loros was part of the Byzantine
imperial dress from the reign of Leo VI (886-912) and therefore the mosaic
may have originated in the late ninth, early tenth century at the earliest. It is
possible that the mosaic was donated by Berengar of Friuli who also gave many
treasures to the treasury of the Cathedral of Monza. |
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© Hubert de Vries
Heraldry of the World