NORTH MACEDONIA
Република
Северна
Македонија
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Dardania Present
North Macedonia covers the main part of the territory of Roman Dardania. Its
capital Scupi was destroyed by an earthquake in 518.
Scupi became the capital of Dardania, which extended from Naissus to Bylazora, in the second century BC The Dardanians had remained independent after the Roman conquest of Macedonia, because they had supported the Romans, hoping to enlarge their territory in this way. It is not clear when the Romans finally annexed Dardania and it seems most likely that the Dardani actually lost independence in 28 BC Scupi grew up as a colony of legionnaires, mainly veterans of the Legio VII Claudia in the time of Domitian (AD 81–96), even though several legions of Crassus' army of 29-28 BC, may already have been stationed there, before the official imperial command in this area was instituted. Scupi was included in Moesia Superior after the province was formed in AD 6. From 272 AD, it was a colony inside the Roman province of Dardania after Dardania was established. Scupi was ravaged several times by barbarians, in AD 269 by the Goths, in 5th century by the Huns and finally in the year 518 was completely destroyed by an earthquake. Life in Scupi stopped after the earthquake and it is assumed that the people from Scupi moved to live on Kale, a hill in the center of Skopje.[5]
Gallienus coin, celebrating LEG VII CLA VI P VI F (Seventh legion Claudia, six
times faithful, six times loyal, and bearing the bull, symbol
of the legion, on the reverse. In the
late Roman Empire, the province of Dardania, with its capital Scupi (Skoplje),
belonged to the prefecture of Illyricum and the diocese of Dacia. This
diocese was split again into the provinces of Moesia I, Dacia mediterranea,
Dacia Ripuaria, Prćvalitana and Dardania. The province of Dardania came to
Byzantium after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. In the twelfth century
Macedonia became part of Bulgaria. which declared its independence in 1186
and became a kingdom in 1203. However,the country disintegrated again in the
course of the thirteenth century and Macedonia returned to Byzantium
Notitia Dignitatum fol 197v: Credentials of the Dux Moesia I.
Forts under the command of the Dux
Moesia I: Flaviana, Pinco,
Tricornio, Aureomonto, Viminacio, Laederata, Cuppis, Ad Novas When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern
and western halves in 395AD, Scupi came under Byzantine rule from
Constantinople and became an important trading and garrison town for the
region. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian (527-565AD) was born in Tauresium
(about 20 km southeast of present-day Skopje) in 483AD, and after Scupi
was almost completely destroyed by an earthquake in 518 AD. Justinian built a
new town at the fertile entry point of the River Lepenec into the Vardar. |
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Mosaic in Constantinople with
the portrait of Justinian I |
Cypher of Justinian I, Ephes Crown of laurel crested with
a square cross moline |
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Some historians believe this might be the city
of Justiniana Prima. During much of
the early medieval period, the town was contested between the Byzantines and
the Bulgarian Empire. From 972 to 992 it was the capital of the First
Bulgarian Empire. After that, it was a capital of Byzantine administrative
region (katepanate) Bulgaria after
the fall the First Bulgarian Empire in 1018. Skopje was a thriving trading
settlement but fell into decline after being hit by another devastating
earthquake at the end of the 11th century. |
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until 1204 |
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Byzantine official (1164) Sf Pantaleimon, Nerezi The church is said to be constructed in 1164 as a
foundation of Alexius Angelus Comnenus,
a son of Constantine Angelos (†1156) and Theodora Komnene, a daughter of
Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos The representation of the official is supported
by two peacocks, badge of rank of a prefect,
the two peacocks the emblem of a
prefecture. The purple himation the
dress of a senator.
The peacocks, emblems of a prefecture |
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1186=1282 |
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Constantine Tikh |
Emperor of Bulgaria
1257-1277 |
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Skopje was a capital of the estate of the
Bulgarian feudal lord, later Emperor Konstantin Asen Tikh (r.1257-’77) in the middle of the 13th
century. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the decline in Skopje to
regain influence in the area, but lost control of it once again in 1282 to
King Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia. Milutin's grandson, Stefan Dusan, made
Skopje his capital, from which he proclaimed himself Tsar in 1346. Constantine I
was the son of a nobleman named Tih (short for Tihomir or the like) and
probably a descendant of a Skopje notable named Tihomir, who lived at the
beginning of the 13th century. Through his mother, Constantine was descended
from Stefan Nemanja of Serbia. In 1257,
Constantine was elected by the nobles (boyars) to replace the ineffective
Mitso Asen as emperor of Bulgaria. By 1261 Mitso Asen was decisively
defeated, and sought asylum with Michael VIII Palaiologos, the emperor of
Nicaea. To enhance his position as legitimate ruler, Constantine adopted the
name Asen and married Eirene of Nicaea, a daughter of
emperor Theodore II Doukas Laskaris by Elena of Bulgaria, the daughter of
Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. |
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On the frescoes in Boyana Church
Constantine and his wife are represented in thoroughly Byzantine official
dress. No badge of rank or office is seen on the dress of Empress
Eirene. [14] Instead badges of
rank are depicted on the carpet exposed above their heads. This shows
medallions charged with lions passant and (single-headed) eagles.
Fresco of a carpet with lion
and eagle medallions in Boyana Church (Bulgaria) In the
early 13th century, a revived Bulgarian Empire gained control of the region. Plagued by political difficulties,
the empire did not last, and the region came once again under Byzantine control
in the early 14th century. In the 14th century, it became part of the Serbian Empire. Skopje became the capital of
Tsar Stefan
Dušan's empire.
Following Dušan's death, a weak successor appeared, and power struggles
between nobles divided the Balkans once again. These events coincided with
the entry of the Ottoman Turks into Europe. |
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1282-1346 |
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In 1282, King Milutin of Serbia conquered
Macedonia from the Byzantines. Stefan Dusan, who had become co-king of his father
Stefan III Uros in 1321, probably resided in Skoplje. Stefan Dusan rebelled
against his father and defeated him in 1331. From the time of Stefan Dusan,
the manuscript of Angelino Dulcerta (1339), which depicts a golden flag with
a red double eagle at Skoplje, dates from the time. During
the decline of Serbian power under Uros, the Vukasin and Ugljesa brothers
succeeded in gaining power in Macedonia. In January 1366, Vukašin
Mrnjavčević (c. 1320 – 26 September 1371) who at that time ruled Skoplje, Prizren,
Prilep and Tetovo, assumed the title of king. . [1]
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1346-1877 |
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n the
monastery of St. Demetrius in Markov near Skopje, the construction of which
was started in 1346 by Vukašin and his
son Marko Kraljevic, on the altar was a tile depicting in low relief a
double eagle between two lions. A chandelier in the same church was hung on
links with alternately the monogram of Vukasin and a double eagle. [2] When we combine these facts with Guilelmus
Soleri's map from 1385 (possibly copied from Angelino Dulcerta), Vukasin's
eagle would also have been red on a gold field. The two
headed eagle which was the badge of a
„Megalou Primikuriou” which in fact was the title of the chief of ceremonies and the commander of the central imperial
Byzantine regiments This is in keeping with the practice in Byzantium where a
red eagle was the symbol of the co-emperor or basileus
Markov Monastery Skopje Two-headed eagle on a candelabrum On 26
September 1371, Vukašin was killed and his forces defeated in the Battle of
Maritsa. About two months later, Tsar Uroš died. This formally made Marko the
king of the Serbian land; however, Serbian noblemen, who had become
effectively independent from the central authority, did not even consider to
recognise him as their supreme ruler. Sometime after 1371, he became an
Ottoman vassal; by 1377, significant portions of the territory he inherited
from Vukašin were seized by other noblemen. King Marko, in reality, came to
be a regional lord who ruled over a relatively small territory in western
Macedonia. He funded the construction of the Monastery of Saint Demetrius
near Skopje (better known as Marko's Monastery), which was completed in 1376.
Marko died on 17 May 1395, fighting for the Ottomans against the Wallachians
in the Battle of Rovine. |
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Konstantin (Kostadin) Dejanović
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1365-1395 |
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Konstantin (Kostadin) Dejanović
fl.1365-1395) also known as Constantine Dragaš, was a Serbian magnat
that ruled a large province in eastern Macedonia under Ottoman suzerainty,
after the fall of the Serbian Empire. He succeeded his older brother Jovan
Dragaš, who had been an Ottoman vassal since the Battle of Maritsa (1371)
which had devastated part of the Serbian nobility. The brothers had their own
government and minted coins according to the Nemanjić style. His
daughter Jelena married Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos in 1392. He fell
at the Battle of Rovine (17 May 1395),
serving the Ottomans against Wallachia, fighting alongside Serbian magnates
Stefan Lazarević and Marko Mrnjavčević.
Royal
portraits: f. 2v: Constantine Dejanovic (…1395), the son-in-law of Tsar Ivan Alexander,
dressed in a purple himation strewn with white two-headed eagles flanked by
three daughters of the tsar: Kerathamar (Constantine's wife), Keratsa and
Desislava from the Gospels of Ivan Alexander, Bulgaria, 1355-1356, Add MS 39627,
ff. 2v-3r [3] In the
eighties of the fourteenth century Macedonia was conquered by the Ottomans.
It is possible that under Ottoman rule, the Brankovic family, who controlled
Kosovo, came to occupy an important place after the battle on at Kosovo Polje
in 1389. It is certain that the Branković' became vassals of the Turkish
Sultan. Skopje (Üsküb) had previously been the capital of the Serbian Empire between 1346 and 1371. The
Brankovic crest was a lion passant. It is on the seal of Vuk Brankovic
(*1345-…1397) of 20 January 1387. This
lion also appears on later seals of the family, still as a crest. [4] |
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Vuk Brankovic |
1345-1397 |
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Seal of Vuk Brankovic 20.01.1387 Lion passsant The
District of Branković or Vuk's Land was one of the short lived
semi-independent states that emerged from the collapse of the Serbian Empire
in 1371, following the death of the last Emperor Uroš the Weak (1346-1371).
The founder of this realm was Vuk Branković, the son of sebastokrator
Branko Mladenović who governed Ohrid under Stefan Dušan the Mighty
(1331-1346). Through Vuk's marriage with Mara, the daughter of Moravian
Serbia's Prince Lazar, he was given substantial lands to govern in Kosovo. The Realm
of Branković was located in the largest part of today's Kosovo. Vuk also
governed eastern parts of the Raška region (including the old Serbian capital
Ras) and lands in Polimlje, in present-day northern Montenegro, as well a
Skoplje. After the death of Đurađ I Balšić of Zeta, Vuk
captured cities of Prizren and Peć and the area of Metohija. The most important cities in
Vuk's Realm were Priština, Prizren, Peć, Skopje and
Ras, as well as the rich mining settlements of Novo Brdo, Trepča,
Janjevo, Gluhavica and others. The
semi-independent lordship ceased to exist as such with the establishment of
Serbian Despotate by Stefan Lazarević. Still, the Branković yielded
a very significant amount of power in the state, controlling most of Serbia's
extremely rich mining sites. Đurađ Branković inherited the
title of Serbian despot as Stefan died childless. The Kingdom
of Prilep was
one of the short-lived states that emerged from the collapse of the Serbian
Empire in the 14th century, which was seized by the Ottomans at the end of
the same century. Gradually, all of the central Balkans were conquered
by the Ottoman Empire and remained under its domination for five
centuries as part of the province or Eyalet of Rumelia. The name Rumelia (Rumeli) means "Land of the
Romans" in Turkish, referring to the lands conquered by the Ottoman
Turks from the Byzantine Empire. Over the centuries Rumelia Eyalet was
reduced in size through administrative reforms, until by the 19th century it
consisted of a region of central Albania and western North Macedonia with its
capital at Manastir or present-day Bitola. Rumelia Eyalet was abolished in 1867
and that territory of Macedonia subsequently became part of the province
of Manastir Vilayet until the end of Ottoman rule in 1912. With the
beginning of the Bulgarian National Revival in the 19th century,
many of the reformers were from this region, including the Miladinov
brothers,[ Rajko Žinzifov, Joakim
Krčovski, Kiril
Pejčinoviḱ and others. The bishoprics of Skopje, Debar, Bitola, Ohrid, Veles, and Strumica voted to join the Bulgarian
Exarchate after
it was established in 1870. |
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Üsküb Sanjak in Rumeli ca. 1650 Üsküb (Skopje) became part of Ottoman Empire after it was
captured from the District of Branković on 6 January 1392. The
first Ottoman governor of Skopje was Pasha
Yiğit Bey,
who conquered Skopje for the Ottoman Empire. The next one was Isak-Beg who was sent to lead
military actions in Serbia in spring of 1439, and was replaced by his
son Isa-Beg
Isaković in
the position of sanjakbeg of the Sanjak of Skopje.[4] The
sanjak was initially formed as the so-called krajište (Skopsko Krajište;
lit. borderland of Skopje) that was transformed into a full sanjak in the
mid-16th century. History The Sançak of Üsküp had often been given
to beylerbeys as arpalik. Up to the 19th century, the
sanjak was part of the Eyalet of Rumelia. Uprisings
against the Ottoman government occurred in the sanjak in 1572, 1584, 1585 and
1595. During the Great Turkish War, Austrian general Silvio Piccolomini burnt
down Skopje in 1689. In 1868
the Sanjak of Skopje together with the Sanjaks of Prizren, Dibra and Niš
became part of the newly established Prizren Vilayet. When Kosovo Vilayet was
established in 1877, the Prizren Vilayet (without several nahiyas annexed by Serbia) and its
Sanjak of Skopje became part of Kosovo Vilayet, with Skopje as its seat. During the
First Balkan War in 1912 and the beginning of 1913, the Sanjak of Skopje was
occupied by the Kingdom of Serbia. On the basis of the Treaty of London
signed during the London Conference in 1913, its territory became a part of
Serbia. The
earliest governors, of the so-called Skopje
krajište: Pasha
Yiğit Bey:
(1392–1414) Ishak Bey: (1414–1439) Nesuh Bey: (1439–1454) Isa-Beg Ishaković: (1454–1463)
Sançaks at the Battle of Vienna, 1683 A coat of arms for (historical) Dardania in
which Üsküb Sançak was situated, was given by Ritter Vitezovic after the
Battele of Vienna (1683) in the Köprülü
Era (1656–1703),
during which effective control of the Ottoman Empire was exercised by a
sequence of Grand Viziers from the Köprülü family.
Arms of Dardania (1695-1701) Arms: Argent, a
crowned lion rampant reversed Gules armed with a spear. Crown: A royal crown [5] The Trojans land, the King gave names He was born, on the one side of Priam,
Dardanus, progenitor poprio now lies in the soil itself bereft of
the old name; Troy are only ruins From: Vitezovic, Ritter, Paulus alias:
Stemmatographia, sive armorum Illyricorum delineatio, descriptio et
restitutio, 1701. Autore Equite Paulo Ritter | Vitezovic (1695/1701)
From: Jefarovic, Christofor: Izobrajenie
Uruji Illyriceskich Avtorom Pavlom Ritterom v dialekt latinskom izdanoje na
ckrit i po ego urajdenio na slavsno serbski jezije. 1741.
Governements flag, 1841 A six-pointed star addsd
Sançak (Flag) 1899 (of Skopje -1877) a five pointed star added Sanjakbeys: Mustafa Pasha Kara Mehmed-zade: (July 1755–?) Osman Pasha: (September 1844 – August 1845) Mehmed Selim Pasha Eneste Haseki: (August 1845 – March 1848) Hafiz
Mehmed Pasha the
Cherkessian: (March 1848 – May 1850) Ismail Pasha Paisli: (May 1850 – April 1851) Mustafa Tosun Pasha: (April 1851 – October 1853) Ali Riza Mehmed Pasha: (November 1853 – February 1854) Akif Pasha:
(1857–?) Mahzar Osman Pasha Arnavut: (September 1858 – August 1859) Rustem Pasha Ebubekir: August 1859 – March 1860 Alyanak Mustafa Pasha: (March 1860—July 1863) Mahmud Faiz Pasha: (July 1863 – January 1864) ? İsmail Hakkı Paşa
Şehsüvarzade Leskovikli: (November 1865 – July 1869) ? |
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1877-1912 |
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Bulgaria (1878) Bulgaria after 1877 (treaty of San Stefano) Principality of autonomous Bulgaria / Eastern
Rumelia (Ottoman province) / Ottoman Macedonia At the
Treaty of San Stefano of 1877, Skopje was added to Bulgaria (together with
Ottoman Macedonia). As Western Rumelia, however, no separate blazon was
included for the area in the royal coat of arms. For the whole of Rumelia,
which at the time meant Macedonia, Thrace and South Bulgaria, the royal coat
of arms initially contained a triple
cross, but later the coat of arms already given by Ulrich Richental for the
area: the chief with the crowns and the pales and the two arms holding up a
crown. |
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1912-1992 |
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Following
the two Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 and the dissolution of the
Ottoman Empire, most of its European-held territories were divided between
Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia. The territory that was to become North
Macedonia was annexed by Serbia conforming to the treaty of
peace concluded at Bucharest. Following the partition, an
anti-Bulgarian campaign was carried out in the areas under Serbian and Greek
control.
Coat of arms of Skopje, 1928 World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia started with
the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 After Bulgaria
switched sides in the war in September 1944, the Bulgarian 5th. Army
stationed in Macedonia, moved back to the old borders of Bulgaria. |
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1944-1946 After
WW.II, Macedonia became a separate (people's) republic as a part of
Yugoslavia in 1946. For this people's republic a coat of arms of the Soviet
model was in use. The Coat
of Arms of the Republic of Macedonia represents the sun of freedom rising
above Macedonia, just as mentioned in the national anthem. In forefront of
the shield is the Shar mountain, and the waters of Lake Ohrid. The shield is
surrounded with wheat and poppy plants and on the basis with a ribon of a
Macedonian national motif, often found on the Macedonian national outfits
(dresses) The Coat
of Arms of the People’s Republic of
Macedonia was adopted by law at the second special session of the
People’s Assembly on 26 July 1946 in Skopje. (Prezidium na narodnoto sobranie na Narodna Republika Makedonija,
Zakon za grbot na Narodna Republika Makedonija, br 559, Skopje 27 Juli 1946) Article 1 of this law gives the description of these
Arms: The Coat
of Arms of the Peoples Republic of Macedonia is a field surrounded by stalks
of wheat interwoven with fruits of opium poppy and tobacco leaves, which at
the bottom are connected with a ribbon with folk design. The ribbon bears the
text „ N. R. Makedonija” (P. R. Macedonia). Between the top of the stalks of
wheat there is a five- pointed star. In the center of the field a mountain is
outlined, at the bottom of which a river is flowing. Behind the mountain
there is a sunrise. In “Nova
Makedonija”, (The only daily newspaper of that time which was the gazette of
the Peoples Front)# 482, 28 July 1946, a wider explanation is given,
formulated as follows:
“The Coat of Arms of the Peoples Republic of
Macedonia is symbol of freedom and brotherhood of the Macedonian people and
the riches of the Macedonian land. The stalks of wheat, opium poppies and
tobacco leaves represent the riches of Macedonia and the diversity of its
economy. The five-pointed star is a symbol of the people’s liberation war by
which the Macedonian people won its freedom. The folklore motif on the ribbon
is representing the richness and beauty of the people’s essence. In the
middle, there is Pirin mountain, the largest Macedonian mountain, which was
the centre of people’s liberation wars in the past, and the river that flows,
is the Vardar river, the most famous river in the Republic. Pirin and Vardar
at the same time represent the unity of all parts of Macedonia and the ideal
of the Macedonian people for national unification. The sun represent the
freedom and the creative life of Macedonia.” [6] |
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Republic of North Macedonia |
1992-2018 2018-present |
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When Yugoslavia
fell apart Macedonia declared its independence in 1992 but it retained the coat of arms adopted in 1946 The Coat
of Arms of the Republic of Macedonia
was adopted on 16 November 2009, by adoption of the Law of the Coat of Arms
and Flag of the Republic of Macedonia (Official Gazette No. 138 of 17
November 2009).
2009-11-16 Article 2
describes the Coat of Arms as follows: (1) “The
Coat of Arms of the Republic of Macedonia is a field surrounded with wheat
sheafs that merge at the top, interwoven with poppy and tobacco leaves,
connected at the bottom with a ribbon of a folk pattern”. (2) “In
the middle of the field is a mountain is outlined with a river at its foot,
and sunrise behind it”. A new,
third article is added, stating: “The design
of the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Macedonia is an integral part of this
Law”.[7] Actually,
this is only the removal of the red five pointed star off the Arms on the
People’s Republic of Macedonia from 1946. |
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The name Macedonia
was mainly objected by Greece because the historical kingdom of that name
(650 BC - 168 AD) would have been Greek and claims to the Greek part of
Macedonia were feared. The names proposed were "Republic of Skopje"
or "Republic of Macedonia-Skopje". On 4 November 2004, the press
reported that the US had decided to name FYROM Macedonia from now on. and the
republic is now known internationally as FYROM (Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia) pending final settlement of the state name In state
symbolism, the republic indeed harks back to the historical kingdom. The
flag, known since 1992, features the so-called "Star of Vergina",
which appears in the burial place of Alexander the Great's father, Philip II
(359-336). This star (sun) can be considered to be the state symbol of the
Empire of Alexander the Great that included Persia in addition to Macedonia.
The flag
is dark red, the star has sixteen points and is yellow / gold, the medallion
in the center white with gold edges and with a blue six-leaf rosette. The coat
of arms of the republic is the coat of arms with the golden crowned lion on a
red field and covered with a crown.
As for
the symbol on the flag, the republic had to back down due to international pressure.
The flag is now a yellow shining sun on a red field. On the
governments session of 5 December 2014 a new poposal for a coat of arms of
the Republic of Macedonia was put forward based on Macedonia’s heraldic
heritage. This
showed the 18th century lion gules from Ritter Vitezovic, however with a
mural crown instead of a roya crown.
2014-12-05 On 15 (or
13) June 2018 an agreement was reached on the renaming of the area in North Macedonia
2018 |
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Presidential arms |
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Intelligence Service |
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The coat
of arms/emblem of the Intelligence Agency of the Republic of North Macedonia
is converse colored eight-ray divergent sun applied on round dividend into
eight golden and eight dark red rays that end up in the converse colored
shield rim. Under the shield, there is a garland of two Macedonian oak arms
with acorns interlaced with dark red ribbons merging into a golden key. The
text "АГЕНЦИЈА ЗА РАЗУЗНАВАЊЕ" is placed above the shield
I an arc form. |
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Police |
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People’s Republic from 1991 |
2001 |
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2018 The
Macedonia’s security sector has its foundations from the previous system in
ex-Yugoslavia, though many reforms took part since it became an independent
state in 1991. With the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 90s, when the Yugoslav
People’s Army left the country, the Macedonian police took over many of the
tasks that are usually seen as applicable to the Armed Forces since it lacked
Armed forces on its own. This contributed to the general opinion of that the Macedonian
police often times has been perceived as one of the protectors of Macedonia’s
independence in the early 90s considering it that part of its tasks included
among others keeping the territorial integrity of the country. There are
three main points in time considering this context of Macedonia’s security
sector reform:
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Armed Forces |
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Six Byzantine Warriors 1164
The church is
said to be constructed in 1164 as a foundation of Alexius Angelus Comnenus, a
son of Constantine Angelos (†1156) and Theodora Komnene, a daughter of
Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
On an architrave of the church is the inscription: “The church of the holy
and renowned great-marty Panteleimon was beautifully made with the aid of
Lord Alexios Komnenos, son of the purple born Theodora in the month of
September, indiction 13, 1164. Ionnikos the monk being hegoumenos.” The three warriors may be a
representation of the military governor (strategos) of the theme Bulgaria
together with his commanders (turmachai) of its brigades (turmai).
The one in the middle, dressed in purple and a cuirass and armed with sword
and shield, being the strategos. [8] The three warriors of the
other fresco may be their predecessors or succesors.
Sf Pantaleimon, Nerezi Byzantine frescoes (1164) |
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St
George Staro Nagoricane (1316) This St. George may have been the patron
saint of Skopje, On the other side of the entrance is a Virgin Mary.
Reconstruction of the shield of St, George |
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Army of the Republic of (North-)
Macedonia |
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1992
2014
Military Police The tradition
started on the 29th of October 1878 when the Macedonian uprising in
Kresna demanded forming of military police units in the liberated territory
of Macedonia, consequently, these were the first Military Police forces.
Therefore, the historical date of the 29th of October is pronounced as
the Day of the Unit for the Military Police Battalion |
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Air Force |
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Emblem
Coat of arms
Roundel |
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© Hubert de Vries 2021-01-06
Heraldry of the World