Union of Socialist Ssoviet Republics 

1922-1992

At the 1st Congress of the Soviets (= Councils) on December 30, 1922, it was decided to establish a Union of Socialist Council Republics. The R.S.F.S.R., Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia became members. The first constitution of the Union was adopted on March 31, 1924. The Union was the proper successor to the Russian Empire because it covered almost all of it.

In 1924 a number of designs for a new coat of arms were submitted. Its central theme was a hammer and a sickle and the motto of the Union derived from the saying on the cover of the Communist Manifesto of 1848: “Proletarians of All Countries Unite”. The first six designs were by K.I. Dunin-Borkovski ', N.N. Kaçura, IA. B. Dreier, D.S. Goliatkin, V.P. Korzun and A.G. Iakimçenko. The design of I.I. Dubasov was inspired by the design of V.P. Korzun and consisted of a globe with the eastern hemisphere topped with a hammer and a sickle, before a radiant sun rising. Above it, a gold-edged red star replaced the Union's initials C.C.C.P., which featured in Korzun's design. The performance is surrounded by a wreath of ears of wheat over which there is a link in writing with the motto “Proletarians of all countries, unite!” in six languages ​​instead of only in Russian. A version in which the ribbon with the motto is wound around the ears of corn was finally approved.

The Union coat of arms consisted of the globe with the Eastern Hemisphere in the natural colors overlaid with a golden crossed hammer and sickle. The globe is lit from below by a radiant sun. Around the globe and sun, a wreath of eight ears of wheat is wrapped with a red ribbon on which the motto in the languages ​​of the countries of the Union is written in gold. Above the globe is also a red five-pointed star. In the Constitution of December 15, 1936, the number of languages ​​on the ribbon was increased to 11, according to the number of countries participating at the time.

In the new constitution of November 14, 1945, the number of turns of the ribbon was adapted to the increased number of states. At the bottom of the Russian motto, 8 turns were added to the right and 7 turns on the left instead of the original 2 x 3. On the right, the motto was written in Estonian, Lithuanian, Karelo-Finnish, Uzbek, Armenian, Azerbaijani and Ukraine. Links in Latvian, Moldovan, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Turkmen, Georgian and Belarusian.

After the transformation of the Karelian Council Republic into an Autonomous Republic, the number of turns on the right side was reduced by the turn for Karelia in 1956. At the same time, the red star was provided with a gold border. )

The last session of the Supreme Soviet took place on December 26, 1991. The council disbanded itself. A successor to the U.S.S.R. was the Commonwealth of Slavic States consisting of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. This G.S.S. was previously established on December 8, 1991 and replaced in Alma Ata by the Commonwealth of Independent States (G.O.S.) on December 22. Subsequently, on December 25, the red flag was lowered on the Kremlin and replaced by the Russian flag of three stripes of white, blue and red.

Russian: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Proletarii vseh stran, sojedinjaites!)

Ukrainian: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! (Proletari vsih’ krajin, jednaitesja!)

White Russian Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся! (Praletaryi usih’ krain, jadnaitsesja!)

Uzbek: Бутун дунё пролетарлари, бирлашингиз! (Butun dunyo proletarlari, birlashingiz!)

Kazakh: Барлық елдердің пролетарлары, бірігіңдер! (Barlıq elderdiñ proletarları, birigiñder!)

Georgian: პროლეტარებო ყველა ქვეყნისა, შეერთდით! (Proletarebo qvela kveqnisa, šeertdit!)

Azeri: Бүтүн өлкәләрин пролетарлары, бирләшин! (Bütün ölkələrin proletarları, birləşin!)

Lithuanian: Visų šalių proletarai, vienykitės!

Moldovian Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле, униць-вэ! (Proletari din toate ţările, uniţi-vă!)

Lettonian: Visu zemju proletārieši, savienojieties!

Kirgiz: Бардык өлкөлордүн пролетарлары, бириккиле! (Bardıq ölkölördün proletarları, birikkile!)

Tadzhik:Пролетарҳои ҳамаи мамлакатҳо, як шавед! (Proletarhoi hamai mamlakatho, jak şaved!)

Armenian: Պրոլետարներ բոլոր երկրների, միացե'ք! (Proletarner bolor erkrneri, miace'q!)

Turkmenian: Әхли юртларың пролетарлары, бирлешиң! (Ähli ýurtlaryň proletarlary, birleşiň!)

Estonian: Kõigi maade proletaarlased, ühinege!

http://www.heraldicum.ru/russia/index.htm

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established in 1922. Then the Union included 4 republics: the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, the Byelorussian SSR and the Transcaucasian SFSR. On January 31, 1924, the first Constitution of the USSR was adopted. Then the composition of the Union was replenished with the Uzbek SSR, the Turkmen SSR (1925), the Tajik SSR (1929), the Kazakh SSR, the Kirghiz SSR, the Armenian SSR, the Georgian SSR, the Azerbaijan SSR (1936), the Moldavian SSR, the Estonian SSR, the Latvian SSR, the Lithuanian SSR (1940 ).

In the fall of 1922, the Commission for the Development of Soviet Symbols began work at Goznak. In those days, the compositions of the first Soviet stamps and banknotes were created.

On January 10, 1923, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR created a commission for the development of the state emblem and flag, at the same time the Central Executive Committee determined the main elements of the state symbols of the union: the sun, hammer and sickle, the motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" In February 1923, the order for the creation of the coat of arms was transferred to Goznak, the artists of Goznak presented their versions, the sketches of the projects of the coat of arms of the artists D.S. Golyadkin, Ya.B. Dreyer, N.N. Kochura, V.D. Kupriyanov, P. Rumyantsev, A. G. Yakimchenko, I. Shadra. An interesting project was presented by the artist K.I.Dunin-Borkovsky - as an adherent of classical heraldry, he represented the coat of arms of the USSR as a heraldic shield with a hammer and sickle.

Many artists were involved in the development of the coat of arms of the USSR. Many designs of the coat of arms are known. One of the early projects (1923) can now be seen on the building of the Central Telegraph in Moscow: the globe is surrounded by ears of corn, a red star at the top, a sickle and a hammer on the sides.

The coat of arms was drawn by V. Lomantsov (1992)

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established in 1922. Then the Union included 4 republics: the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, the Byelorussian SSR and the Transcaucasian SFSR. On 31 January 1924, the first Constitution of the USSR was adopted. Then the composition of the Union was replenished with the Uzbek SSR, the Turkmen SSR (1925), the Tajik SSR (1929), the Kazakh SSR, the Kirghiz SSR, the Armenian SSR, the Georgian SSR, the Azerbaijan SSR (1936), the Moldavian SSR, the Estonian SSR, the Latvian SSR, the Lithuanian SSR (1940 ).

In the fall of 1922, the Commission for the Development of Soviet Symbols began work at Goznak. In those days, the compositions of the first Soviet stamps and banknotes were created. 10 January 1923 years, the Presidium of the USSR Central Executive Committee created a commission to develop the state emblem and flag, at the same time the Central Executive Committee determined the main elements of the state symbols of the union: the sun, hammer and sickle, the motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" In February 1923, the order for the creation of the coat of arms was transferred to Goznak, the artists of Goznak presented their versions, the sketches of the projects of the coat of arms of the artists D.S. Golyadkin, Ya.B. Dreyer, N.N. Kochura, V.D. Kupriyanov, P. Rumyantsev, A. G. Yakimchenko, I. Shadra. An interesting project was presented by the artist K.I.Dunin-Borkovsky - he, as an adherent of classical heraldry, represented the coat of arms of the USSR as a heraldic shield with a hammer and sickle.

D.S. Golyadkin's project

J.B. Dreyer's project

The projects of the artists Kochura, Yakimenko, and Kupriyanov.

V.P. Korzun's projects. The last project is already very close to the coat of arms of the USSR approved later. The head of the art and reproduction department was Goznak V.N. Adrianov (1875-1938). It was he, as a cartographer, who proposed to add an image of the globe to the coat of arms. The latter was supposed to mean that access to the Union is open to all states of the world. In general, the entire composition of the coat of arms was compiled by Adrianov, in the work on the drawing he took The work on the sketch of the coat of arms was supervised by state authorities, for example, Secretary of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee M.S. Yenukidze on June 28, 1923 suggested placing a red star at the top of the coat of arms (instead of the previously planned monogram "USSR"). His remark "A star instead of a monogram" is preserved in the archival drawing of V.P. Korzun.

At the final stage, the artist I. I.Dubasov was invited to work on the coat of arms, and he completed the final drawing. In his first draft, the slogans were placed on a red ribbon covering the lower part of the coat of arms. Then it was decided to place the slogans in 6 languages ​​on the tape hooks.

Ivan Ivanovich Dubasov

Dubasov graduated from the Imperial Stroganov Art and Industrial School. From the beginning of the 1920s he worked in the Department of Production of State Marks (Goznak). The last few decades before his retirement - the main artist of Goznak. Dubasov drew banknotes of the RSFSR, the USSR, and also, after the war, of the socialist countries: Poland, Mongolia, Czechoslovakia, Albania. In addition to banknotes, the Dubasovs created sketches of many postage stamps of the RSFSR and the USSR, a sketch of the Gold Star medal, the Maternal Glory Order, the Labor Distinction, Labor Valor medals, and the Marshal's Star. I. Dubasov was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Badge of Honor, and had the title of Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR.

On 6 July 1923, the II session of the USSR Central Executive Committee adopted a drawing of the coat of arms (simultaneously with the adoption of the draft Constitution). On September 22, 1923, the drawing of the coat of arms was finally approved by the Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Central Executive Committee A.S. Enukidze. The Constitution of the USSR, adopted by the Second Congress of Soviets on January 31, 1924, officially legalized the new coat of arms.

The USSR Constitution of 1924 contained a description of state symbols in the 11th chapter:

"70. The state emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consists of a hammer and sickle on the globe, depicted in the rays of the sun and framed by ears of corn, with an inscription in six languages ​​[mentioned in Art. 34]" Workers of all countries, unite! " five-pointed star ".

Six languages in which the motto was written: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Georgian, Armenian, Turkish-Tatar (Arabic graphics).

Coat of arms of the USSR.

A gift to M.I. from workers of a mechanical plant in Mytishchi.

(The State Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia, Moscow)

1923

After the formation of the Tajik SSR, by resolution of the 6th Congress of Soviets of the USSR of 17  March 1931 "On the report on constitutional issues", an amendment was made to the text of the Constitution of the USSR, stating:

In Art. 70 of the Constitution of the USSR: the words: "with an inscription in six languages" shall be replaced with the words: "with an inscription in the languages commonly used in the union republics" and set out Art. 70 as follows:

1931

70. The state emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consists of a hammer and sickle on the globe, depicted in the rays of the sun and framed by ears, with an inscription in the languages ​​commonly used in the Union republics: "Workers of all countries, unite." There is a five-pointed star at the top of the coat of arms. "

The same decree changed the list of languages ​​commonly used in the union republics, set forth in Article 34 of the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR, which began to include "Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Georgian, Armenian, Azeri, Uzbek, Turkmen and Tajik (Persian)". Azerbaijani, Uzbek and Turkmen languages ​​were represented by a single ribbon with an inscription in the Turkic (Turkic-Tatar) language in Arabic script. The Russian version of the motto has moved to the central interception of the tape. Similar coats of arms were printed on USSR treasury notes of 1934. The inscriptions were made in languages:

Russian

Ukrainian;

Belarusian;

Georgian (national alphabet);

Armenian (national alphabet);

Turkic-Tatar (Arabic graphics);

Tajik: CUMHURIJATI IRTIMOIJI SURAVIJI MUXTORI TOCIKISTAN

A 7th ribbon was added with an inscription in the Tajik language, the writing of which by that time on the territory of the USSR was translated into a Latin script.

1936

In the Constitution of the USSR, approved by the decree of the VIII Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of the USSR dated December 5, 1936, the coat of arms is described in Chapter XII "COAT OF ARMS, FLAG, CAPITAL" Article 143 reads:

"The state emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consists of a hammer and sickle on the globe, depicted in the rays of the sun and framed by ears of corn, with an inscription in the languages ​​of the Union republics:" Workers of all countries, unite! ". There is a five-pointed star at the top of the emblem."

According to the Constitution of 1936, the USSR consisted of 11 republics (three republics of the Transcaucasus separated from the ZSFSR). There were also 11 (6&5) ribbons on the coat of arms.

1946

On 3 September 1940, the Secretariat of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR decided to amend the state emblem of the USSR in connection with the change in the number of union republics and the clarification of the spelling of the motto in the national languages. Work was underway to prepare a new Constitution, and on 3 March 1941, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet adopted a preliminary draft of the coat of arms, but the war prevented the completion of the work. Only on 26 June 1946, by a decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, a new version of the coat of arms was introduced, the motto on which was reproduced in 16 languages ​​of the union republics, mottos in Moldavian, Latvian, Estonian and Finnish were added to the existing inscriptions. Moreover, the inscriptions in the languages ​​of the Central Asian republics and Azerbaijan were already executed in Cyrillic.

Materials of the Collection of laws of the USSR. 1938-1967, M., ed. Izvestia, 1968; Photo courtesy of I. Emelin (Petrazavodsk)

1956

On 16 July 1956, the Karelo-Finnish SSR was transformed into an autonomous republic within the RSFSR, as a result of which, by the Decree of the PVS of the USSR of 12 1956, the sixteenth ribbon with the motto (in Finnish) was removed from the coat of arms. On 1 April  1958, by the Decree of the PVS of the USSR, the text of the state motto in the Belarusian language was clarified, it began to sound like: "PRALETARYI ЎСIХ KRAIN, YADNAYTSESYA!", The change was made to the coat of arms of the USSR (a little earlier, on February 21, 1958, this clarification was Byelorussian SSR was made on the coat of arms of the BSSR).

The arrangement of ribbons with slogans on the coat of arms of the USSR corresponded to the order of listing the union republics in Art. 13 of the Constitution (established according to the size of the population).

Clarification and redrawing of the coat of arms at different times were made by the artists of Goznak I.S. Krylkov, S.A. Novsky, P.M. Chernyshev, S.A. Pomansky. On March 31, 1980, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Regulation on the State Emblem of the USSR was approved. On June 25, it is enshrined in the USSR Law. According to this Regulation:

"1. The state emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a symbol of the state sovereignty of the USSR, the inviolable alliance of workers, peasants and intelligentsia, friendship and brotherhood of the working people of all nations and nationalities of the country, the state unity of the Soviet people, building a communist society.

2. The state emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is an image of a hammer and sickle against the background of the globe, in the rays of the sun and framed by ears of corn, with an inscription in the languages ​​of the Union republics: "Workers of all countries, unite!" At the top of the coat of arms is a five-pointed star. The inscriptions on the State Emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the languages ​​of the Union republics are reproduced on the ribbon framing the ears in the following order: bottom center in Russian; from bottom to top on the left side - in Ukrainian, Uzbek, Georgian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Tajik, Turkmen; on the right side - in Belarusian, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, Moldavian, Kyrgyz, Armenian, Estonian

In the color image of the State Emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the hammer and sickle, the sun and ears are golden; the water surface of the globe is blue, the continents are light brown; the tape is red; the star is red, framed by a gold border. "

The motto letters were also depicted in gold.

Based on the book: V. Potseluev "Coats of arms of the USSR", article by S. Bolotina "How our coat of arms was created." // Science and Life, No. 11.1983. and other sources

http://www.heraldicum.ru/russia/ussr.htm