CASTILE
& LEON
2
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Back to Castile and
Leon Part 1
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1230-1715 |
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In the first years of the union
of Castile and Leon new emblems were developed of the institutions of the
Castilian-Leonese state. The emblem which merely symbolized the realm of
Castile and Leon (national arms) came to be a quarterly of the castle and the
lion developed in the years before the union. This quarterly, being the
emblem of the realm of Castile and Leon, came amongst others on clothes or
coins. Sometimes it was enclosed by a quatrefoil but in other instances it
was on an undefined background. When, in the course of history, the royal
coat of arms was crowned or crested, a shield with the quarterly came to mean
the emblem of the realm of Castile and Leon. At the beginning of the
16th century when the spanish monarchy was created, the emblems of Castile
and Leon came to be separated again but at the end of that century they were
united and crowned, the emblem meaning “the kingdom of Castile and Leon”. |
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Reverse of a coin
of King Pedro 1350-‘69 |
Arms of Castile
and Leon separated By
Albrecht Dürer, 1515/1517 |
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Arms of Castile and Leon On
a playing card, 1700 ca |
Arms of Castile
and Leon On
coins.18th century |
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Additions to the Quarterly |
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This quarterly came to be united
with a square cross, to make the symbol of Legislature, a shield charged with
that quarterly, symbolizing Royal Military Command, a crown making the symbol
of Royal Administrative Authority, and supporters making the symbol of the
Royal Government, all of Castile and Leon to be distinguished of such authorities of
other states. The general early
christian symbols of administrative and armed authority were in that way
individualized by adding an emblem symbolizing the realm and making emblems
of the administrative and armed authorities of Castile and Leon The development of the emblems can be traced by the
subsequent the royal coats of arms and signos
rodados. |
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In the time before the union of Castile and Leon legislature had been
symbolized as a function of administrative authority by adding to the square
cross the names of the king, the mayor
domo and the alférez or marhal,
the main representatives of the legislative board which authorized laws and
priviliges issued by the chancery. In
the time of the union this symbol was made more specific by adding the
emblems of Castile and Leon in the four quarters of the cross. Æ See for example the privilege
of Sancho IV. |
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Privilege of Castile and Leon, 1252 The
privilege is certified with a circular emblem of a square cross between the emblems
of Castile and Leon, surrounded by the names of king Alfonso X, alférez Diego
Lopez de Haro (1243-’54) and mayor domo of the court Juan Garcia de
Villamayor (1252-‘60) [1]. On the sides are the names of the members
of the legislative board. In dexter
chief is the christogram of armed authority. |
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By king
Alfonso XI (1325-‘50) the square cross was removed:
The circular emblem underwent no fundamental changes
until de reign of the Catholic kings when the arms in the center were
replaced by the combined arms of Castile-Leon-Aragon. |
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For some reason supreme military command ceased to
be considered a function of armed authority as it had been in roman times,
but as a function of individual warriorship symbolized by suit of armour, in
particular the shield which was charged with the emblem of the realm. This is
paralleled by the presentation of the ruler as an operational commander on
seals, depicting him as a rider on horseback in full armour. The alférez in this process became
represented in a less official way, the blue shield (or the ibex), apparently symbolizing his
office, being replaced by his personal arms. The christogram, at the same time, remained the
symbol of armed authority. The introduction of the crowned arms was accompanied
or preceded by the introduction of the crest which, in fact, represented the
dynasty. In this way at the end of the 14th century a coat of arms was developed
of the supreme commander, the chief administrator and of the realm of Spain. Also there was an emblem for the administration |
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Ferdinand III |
1230-1252 |
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At first Ferdinand III continued the use of the lion
and the castle of himself and of his predecessor in Castile separated. |
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Lead seal of Ferdinand III, 1232 Lead Seal: On the obverse a
castle and on the reverse a lion passant. L.: X S FORADI REG CASTELE TOLTI / X LEGIONIS GALLICIE. [2] |
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Shortly
afterwards the two emblems were united in what is called a quarterly. An old
example of this quarterly of Castile and Leon can be found in York Cathedral
where it is on a stained window which can be dated about 1234.
Arms of Castile and Leon on a window in York
Cathedral (England) depicting the arms of all ruling kings of
the epoch, together with the arms of the pope and the emperor At about the same time Ferdinand came to use a seal
depicting him in full armour with a shield of the arms of Castile and Leon on
his left arm:
Equestrian seal of Ferdinand III, 1237 Arms.: ¼ of a castle and a lion. Crown. Horsecloth:
Castle and lion. L.:
X FERRANDVS :
DEI : GRACIA : REX : CAST(elle et Toleti). Reverse: ¼ of castles and lions. L.: X SIGILLUM
FERRANDI REGIS : LEGIONIS : ET : GALLECIE. Date: Valladolid, 23.03.1237.
(Æ 110 mm, on a letter of Ferdinand to Louis
the Saint of France. Vic.Casc. 227.) The combination of the two emblems in one shield of course took the
attention of the chroniclers. In the Crónica rimada del Cid of 1245 it was written that the castilians urged the king to
adopt a golden castle and an purple lion (the color specified as yndio = indigo) [3]. |
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Rey foy de Castilla & Leo aſſi ffago .//.//.//.//. Sabedes q leo es cabesa De todos los rreynados Et por eſſo vos
enego E a vos pregunto tanto Qual fena me mandades fase atal fare de grado Ca en quto yo valga no vos ſaldre de mandado. dixeiron los castellanos. en buen punto fueſtes nado Mandat fasez un caſtello De oro e un leon yndio
qtado |
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It was
also remarked by the english chronicler Matteus Parisiensis who writes in his
Liber Additamentorum of 1250 ca:
“Scutum regis Castellae et Leonum
videlicet moderni sed non partis, pater enim portavit scutum tale quale comes
Provinciae Raimundus. (1&4): campus huius
quarteri rubeus, castrum de auro - campus rubeus, castrum de auro (2&3)
Campus huius quarteri albus, leo de purpura - campus iste albus, leo de
purpura. [4] That is:
Shield of the king of Castile and Leon is apparently modern and not parted,
his father had a shield like count Raimund of the Provence / the field is of
quarters red with a golden castle and quarters white with a purple lion. |
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Alfonso X el Sabio |
*1220-†1284 King of Castile en
Leon 1252 (Titulay) King of Rome 1257-1275 |
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Equestrian seal: A.: ¼ of Castile and Leon.
Crown. L.: ALFONSO DEI GRA REGIS CASTELLE
ET TOLETI Counterseal : ¼ of castles and lions. L.:
LEGIONISS: GALL..... CORDVBE MVRC SEGIENNIS.[5] |
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Alfonso X el Sabio on horseback, royally crowned and
in armour Shield and
horse-cloth of the quarterly of Castile and Leon Picture in Tumbo
08 of Santiago de Compostela Another quote from Mattheus Parisiensis: Castile and Leon, Alfonso X King of - († 1284): 1. (1253) ¼: Gules a
triple towered castle or & argent, a lion rampant or (?). [6] Æ See illustration in the head of
this essay. |
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Sancho IV el Bravo |
*1258 - †1296 King of Castile and Leon 1284-1295 |
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Equestrian seal of Sancho IV Equestrian seal: A.: ¼ of Castile and Leon L.: SANCII DEI
GRACIA REGIS CASTELLE (TOLETI) LEGIONIS GALLECAE. |
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Ferdinand IV |
*1285- †1312 King of Castile en Leon 1295 |
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Equestrian Seal of Ferdinand IV (1295-1312) Equestrian seal. Arms.: ¼ of Castile and Leon. Crown. L.: S: FERNANDI:
DEI : GRACIA: REGIS: CASTELLE: TOLETI: LEGIONIS. D.: 1302. [7] |
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Alfonso XI Pedro I, the Cruel |
*1311-†1350 1312/1325-1350 *1334-†1369 1350-1369 |
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The arms of the King of Castile as in the Armorial
Bellenville [8] |
In the time of these two kings the royal coat of arms was depicted in
two armorials of the Low Countries. The first is in the Armorial Bellenville and
the second in the Armorial de l’Héraut Gelre. In the first the author seems to be uncertain about the crest and
accordingly does not give us a picture of it although he inclined the shield
as if a crest should be added. This is more or less confirmed by the seal of
Pedro I which shows a casquet without any crest. In the second however there is indeed a
crest which consists of a griffin issuant Or. This last crest we must assume, is the one of Pedro I as the manuscript
was written in the time of his reign. |
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Seal of Pedro I, 1386 (= 1356 A.D.) Seal: R°: Rider on horseback with casque. V°:
Quarterly of Castile and Leon. L.: X PETRUS : DEI : GRACIA: REX :
REINAT : ERA MIL : E : CCC : LXXX : VI [II] / X [PET] RVS : DEI : GRACIA : [REX
: CAST] ELLE : ELEGIONIS : ETCETERA. [9] |
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House of Trastamare |
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Henry II Mercedes |
*1334-†1379 1367/1369-1379 |
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With Henry II, being a bastard son of Alphonso XI
a new dynasty was founded ruling Castile and Leon. At first Henry II continued the use of a crown for
crest like on the helmets of his predecessors before. Also, his presentation
was like them as he and his horse are represented in the coat of arms and the
horse-clothes of the arms. This can
be seen on a golden doble de 35
maravedis struck by him.
Doble de 35 maravedis of Henry II, obverse. R°: Crowned rider on horseback to the sinister
with coat of arms and horse-cloth quarterly of Leon and Castile V°: A
quatrely of Castile and Leon. L.: X ENRICVS DEI GRACIA REX
CASTELLE / X ENRICVS DEI GRACIA REX ELEGIONIS. Somewhat later, probably
at te occasion of the coming of age of his son John in 1373 a crest was
introduced consisting of a griffin issuant. This is on an altar piece,
formerly in the church of Tobed (and today in the Prado) representing the
Holy Virgin feeding Jesus (Virgen de la Leche).
In the lower register the royal family of Castile is depicted consisting of
Henry himself, his wife Johanna Pennafiel and their son and daughter John and
Eleanor. In front of the king and his son, both kneeling, their helmets
lambrequined of the arms and
crested of a griffin issuant Or, are clearly visible. [10]
Henry II and John
I on the ‘Virgen de la Leche’ altar piece, ca. 1373 This griffin was
‘corrected’ by the Heraut Gelre (which had probably written sources)
Arms of the King of Castile as in the Armorial de
Gueldre, 1369 ca. Arms: ¼ of Castile and Leon. Crest: on a helmet lambrequined a griffin issuant Or. L.: die
conīc vā ſpaēgen. [11] |
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John I |
*1358-†1390 1379-1390 |
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As John I is clearly represented with a griffin
crest on the Virgen de la Leche altar
piece, it is of course likely that he bore the same crest for the rest of his
life. |
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Henry III |
*1379-†1406 1390-1406 |
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No crest is known of Henry III. |
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John II |
*1405-†1454 1406-1454 |
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The first crest known from John
II is a castle. It is on a dobla de
veinte doblas showing him as a knight of the Order of the Bend (Orden de la Banda):
Dobla de veinte doblas of John II Obverse: Rider on horseback with sword and shield of the arms of the
Order of te Bend. On his helmet a triple-towered castle. Legend: X DOMNUS : IOHANNES : DEI :
GRACIA : REX : CASTELLE : LEGIONIS. On the reverse is a quarterly of Castile and Leon within the same legend. Later the crest on the arms of
John II consisted of a castle and a lion issuant. It is on a collection of
pictures of mannequins of the most important warriors of the time around
1440:
Mannequin with the coat of arms and crest
of Castile. L.: Le Roy de Castille. From: Armorial du Toison
d’Or et de l’Europe. Bibl.
de l’Arsenal, Paris. Fol. 176.[12] At about the same time the arms
and crest of John II were depicted in the Bergshammer Armorial, together with
the arms of other european kings:
Arms of four
european kings 1440 ca Arms of Castile: (Courtoisie) ¼ of Castile and Leon.
Crest: on a helmed lambrequined Gules the castle and the lion of the
arms. L.: kastilien. [13] The other arms are of the
kings of Hungary, England and Cyprus. |
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More than half a century
after his death his arms-and-crest were depicted amongst the arms and crests
of the great grandfathers of Charles I (V) by Jan van Battel on a triptych
representing him surrounded by the arms of his posessions. [14] On this painting the arms of John II are
quarterly of Castile and Leon and crested with a crown and the castle of
Castile
Jan van Battel:
Arms and crest of John II, grandfather of Charles I. |
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Henry
IV |
*1425-†1474 1454-1474 |
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No crest is
known of Henry IV but a triple-towerd castle with or without a crowned lion
issuant is likely. |
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An emblem for the royal administrative authority was
developed in the same way as the emblem for the royal armed authority. This
happened by individualizing the crown, being the symbol of administrative
rank, by adding the quarterly. The first example of the adding of the
quarterly is the mantle of King Ferdinand III († 1252) but later the crown
was placed on top of a shield of the quarterly. By Ferdinand III a crown seems to have been combined
with official dress of the arms to
symbolize royal administrative authority of Castile and Leon. A fragment of
his mantle, strewn with the quarterly of Castle and Leon is preserved and is
today in the Royal Armoury in Madrid.
Fragment of the mantle of Ferdinand III, Armeria del Palacio Real
Madrid, N9 |
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The idea
was also followed by Alfonso the Wise. He and his wife and children were
dressed in official dress decorated with the lions and castles from his
kingdom. The crown, symboliszing royal rank however, was reserved for
himself.
Alfonso el Sabio and officials of the court From: Libro de los Juegos de Alfonso el Sabio. (Bibl. del
Escorial) |
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In the
time of Henry III after a crest had been introduced by Henry II, replacing
the crown on the royal seal, an emblem symbolizing civic competence only was designed
which consisted of the arms of Castile and Leon crowned with a royal crown.
The oldest representation of such an emblem is on a stone dated 1395, today
on Baeza Cathedral together with the arms of Pope Bonifacius, Henry III and
the city of Baeza.
Photo Rafael Gomez Crowned arms of Henry III on the façade of Baeza
Cathedral. 1395 The arms consist of the quarterly of Castile and
Leon charged with the square cross of administrative authority (thus changing
the arms into the emblem of administrative authority of Castile and Leon) and
crowned with a crown of three large and two small leaves (thus making the
emblem the emblem of the administrative authority of the king of Castile). [15] The crowned arms of Castile and
Leon were also displayed at the Council of Konstanz
where Catherine of Lancaster supported the cause of Antipope
Benedict XIII. It is documented by the chronicler Ulich
Richental. It is: Arms:
¼ of Castile and Leon. Crown. L: Von dem durchluchtigsten fursten kung Johansen vo Castell.
Royal arms of Henry IV (1454-’74) Monasterio de Sta Maria del
Parral (Segovia). |
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An achievement usually symbolizes an institution.
From times immemorial the achievement was created by adding to a central
emblem two other emblems supporting it.
It cannot be the emblem of a person who himself acts as a supporter.
However, the individual emblem is the centre of the achievement identifying
the institution which it is representing. At the end of the 14th century supporters were
introduced in Castile and Leon. The oldest supporters known are a pair of
angels in fact symbolizing a heavenly mandate. These angels, as it shows up
later, were permitted for members of the ruling family not holding an office.
They were used accordingly by the queen and by the infante[s]. |
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Achievement of Castile and Leon Santa Maria la Real de
Nieva, Segovia The church was built by order of Catherine of
Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt (who had been a titulary king of
Castile 1385-’88) and wife of Henry III of Castile. The construction started
in 1392 and was finisted in 1399. The achievement is: Arms: A
square cross and Castile and Leon in the quarters. Supporters: Two
angels kneeling. This achievement probably means: The household of
the consort of the supreme administrator (= king) of Castile and Leon. by the
grace of God A later version of her achievement is on a stained
window in the Alcazar of Segovia where she took refuge after the death of
Henry III in 1406 to keep her son John II (*1405) out of the hands of his
appointed custodians Diego
López de Stúñiga and Juan Fernandez de Velasco.
Achievement of Catherine of Lancaster In the Alcazar of Segovia In this version the square cross is omitted and a
crown added. This achievement can be determined to be of Catherine as a
regent for her son John II. |
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To make the achievement of the ruling king two lions
were added to his royally crowned arms. These lions originated in ancient
times when a pair of lions addorsed were the emblem of a Grand admiral or
chief of staff of the army. They were introduced in Spain in the time of the
Visigoths and their use was continued by the Almoravids and Almohads on the
official dresses of the chiefs of staff. On silks preserved they are
supporting a tree on a medallion surrounded by a formula in arab script. In a
way they were reintroduced in the christian kingdom of Leon and Castile in
the time of Alfonso VI when they were supporting a christogram, as we have
seen on the porch of Santiago de Compostela cathedral. Afterwards, sources
are not abundant but we can point at the socalled Sicilian Coronation mantle
and some other Almoravid silks showing also lions addorsed supporting a tree.
The configuration was certainly known in Leon as a mantle has been preserved
in San Juan de Ortega, strewn with medallions with lions addorsed supporting
a tree. Probably even, this mantle has been reused by some Castilian alférez of Alfonso el Emperador (even
when its owner had been serving the almoravid amir Ali (1106-’43). Anyhow,
the lions addorsed supporting the arms of Castile and Leon appear after Juan
I (1379-’90) had replaced the office of Alférez
Mayor (Grand admiral) by the office of Condestable de Castilla, that is to say in about the time of the
appearance of the angel-supporters of Catherine of Aragon. For that reason we
may postulate that the arms of Castile and Leon were in fact introduced
during the minority of Henry III, for example by Alfonso de Aragón y Foix or Pedro Enríquez de Castilla who were
then his most important representatives. We may conclude that the lions supporting the royal arms of Castile are
representing the office of Constable of the kingdom of Castile and Leon and,
accordingly, the achievement is meaning “the royal goverment of the constable
/ armed forces”. The use of the lion supporters was continued by the kings from the house
of Habsburg and the House of Bourbon right into the 18th century. In certain
cases however, one or both of the lions was replaced by a griffin which was
the badge of rank of an archduke. The two-headed eagle of Charles I,
appearing in the 16th century, was but the emblem of the Emperor then acting
merely as a regent of Queen Ioanna whose arms were supported indeed by two lions. After the Spanish Wars of Succession, when the then hereditary office of
constable had been abolished (1713), the lions were replaced in the larger
achievement of Spain by two angels, now symbolizing the autocratic style of
royal rule. |
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Achievement of John II of Castile and Leon. On the altar behind the tomb
of Juan II in the Cartuja de Miraflores (Burgos) |
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Henry IV of Castile, his achievement at his feet. L.: Hainrich von gots gnade küng von
Castilia, Leon, Toledo, Galicia, Sevillia, Cordua, Mortza, Ja°n, Algarbe,
Algezira, her von Wisgeia, Mollina. [16] |
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The Catholic Kings Ferdinand
and Isabella |
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After the
death of Henry IV the castilian crown was inherited by his younger
half-sister Isabella (*1451) who had married Ferdinand of Aragon in
1469. From then on, as there was no king or queen of Castile and Leon alone
anymore but only a king of Castile, Leon and Aragon, the royal arms quarterly
of Castile and Leon ceased to exist and were replaced by a royal arms
composed of the quarters for Castile Leon and Aragon, the last an impaled of
Aragon and Sicily-Trinacria. The crest of the King of Castile, Leon and Aragon
became the crest of Ferdinand, the dragon issuant of Aragon. After
Isabella and her husband Ferdinand of Aragon had been proclaimed queen and
king of Castile, Leon and Aragon, the arms of Castile and Leon and the arms
of Ferdinand were combined in another quarterly, the arms of Castile and Leon
blasoned in the first and fourth. As a heraldic anomaly, a nimbused eagle was
added behind the shield as a personal emblem symbolizing St. John Evangelist
(and as an homage to her father John II). This eagle had been placed behind
the shield of Castile and Leon on the seal of Isabella of 1473 when she was
still a princess of Asturias. The eagle
was maintained as an additional emblem with her arms after joint arms were
agreed for the couple in 1475. As her impresa or personal emblem appeared a
yoke and an Y together with a bundle of arrows and an F for Ferdinand. As the
eagle can easily be interpreted as a supporter, it has caused much confusion
about what was actually meant with the achievement created in this way. |
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Isabella of Castile |
*1451-†1504 ¥ Ferdinand of Aragon 1469 Queen of Castile & Leon 1474-1504 |
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As the
personal arms of Isabella as an infanta after the death of her brother Alfonso
in 1468, and because of the childlessness of Henry IV, contained the emblems
of Castile and Leon, the arms of her union with Ferdinand of Aragon, King of
Sicily, were composed of the emblems of Castile, Leon and Sicily in an
impaled of a per fess of Castile and Leon and Sicily.
Arms of Isabella As a queen consort of the king of
Sicily-Trinacria, 1469. [17] Nevertheless her arms as an infanta were the
quarterly of Castile and Leon. A drawing from 1473 shows it, of course
uncrowned, supported by a nimbused eagle, the eagle of St. John Evangelist,
to honour her father John II (†1454). [18] |
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Drawing of the seal of Isabella, As a princess of Asturias,
1473. [19] |
Arms of Isabella As a queen consort of the king of Aragon, 1479. [20] |
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Circular emblem of the Catholic Kings 1475-1492. On the agreement of Segovia,
1 January 1475 In the
Agreement of Segovia (Concordia de Segovia) it was agreed that Isabella
would be the queen and proprietor of Castile. Ferdinand was granted equal
rights as is wife and both kingdoms should be united in the future. All
documents were to be signed by both the king and the queen, the name of the
king coming first. The arms were to be the same for both, the quarters of
Castile and Leon occupying the place of honour in the first and fourth
quarters. [21] After the
conquest of Granada in 1492 a quarter was added in a point enté in base of
the arms of Granada consisting of a canting arms of a pomegrenade proper on a
white field. |
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Arms of Isabella after the conquest of Granada, 1492 From the Isabella Breviary,
British Library Add. Ms. 18851 The eagle and the crowned arms quarterly with a
pomegrenade proper on a white field enté en point for Granada. On a scroll: SVB VMBRA ALARVM TVARVM
PROTEGE NOS (Protect us under the shadow of your wings). Below are the arms of Ioanna of Castile and archduke
Philip the Fair of Habsburg, wedded in 1494. The arms are impaled of the arms of Castile and
Burgundy v.v.. On the ribbons: PRO PATRIBVS TVIS NATI SVNT
TIBI FILII / CONSTITVISTI PRINCIPES SVPER OE TERRA / POTENS IN TERRA ERIT
SEMEN EIS GENERE RECTORVM BENIFICET |
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Ferdinand of Aragon |
*1452-†1516 ¥ Isabella of Castile 1469 Co-regent of
Isabella of Castile 1475-1504 |
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For the
arms of Ferdinand II as a king of Sicily see: Sicily
Trinacria And as a
king of Aragon see: Aragon
Arms and crest of Ferdinand II (V) after 1475 Palacio de los Reyes Católicos of La Aljafería (1488-1492) By the
sucessors of Ferdinand other crests were chosen but the king of Castile and
Leon was the king of Spain by then. |
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Joanna |
*1479-†1555 ¥ 1496 Philip the Fair Queen of Castile 1504-1555 Ferdinand II the Catholic, regent 1504-1506 Philip the Fair regent 1506 Ferdinand II the Catholic, regent 1506-1516 Charles I co-king
1516-1555 |
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The main part
of her life Joanna was deprived of her sovereign rights after the death of
her mother. Her fierce resistance against the infringements of her father
(and later of her own son), resulted in her confinement for the rest of her
life under the pretext that she had to be out of her mind not accepting her
setting aside. It also caused her nickname ‘the Mad’. |
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Arms of Joanna the Mad. In the Museo Arquelogico of
Badajoz |
The arms of Philip the Fair (†1505) In the choir of the Bavo-church,
Haarlem (Netherlands) |
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The arms are quarterly of Castile-Aragon and
Habsburg: Arms:
Quarterly: I&IV: ¼: 1&4: ¼ of Castile and Leon; 2&3: Impaled of
Aragon and Sicily-Trinacria; enté en point of Granada; II&III: ¼ of
Austria, Burgundy new, Burgundy ancient and Brabant and on an escutcheon
Flanders. Both arms are crowned but to the arms of Joanna the
Eagle of St. John is added behind the shield, continuing the tradition
established by her mother. To the arms of Philip the collar of the Order of
the Fleece is added. |
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Arms of Ferdinand of Aragon, after the conquest of
Navarra, 1513. On the façade of the Museum of
the Capilla Real, Granada. In sinister chief Aragon, Jeruzalem,
Arpad, Navarra and Anjou. These quarters he could bear after his succession
in Sicily-Naples in 1503 and his conquest of and succession in Navarra in
1513. These are the arms of Ferdinand of Aragon as a regent of Joanna of
Castile (1506-’16). The eagle continues the tradition of the arms of his wife
Isabella and his daughter Joanna in Castile and Leon. In Aragon he bore the
arms crowned, the eagle omitted. |
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As it was agreed in 1475 that the arms of both Isabella and Ferdinand
should be the same in the future, some diffences were allowed concerning the
achievements of both, the arms of Isabella being the arms of them both but
the exterior ornaments somewhat different. That is to say that the arms of
Isabella were augmented with eagle of St. John and the one of Ferdinand with
his personal crest. The same was true for the achievements, the one of Isabella with the
eagle of St. John being supported by two lions but the one of Ferdinand being
crowned and supported by two lions and the eagle of St. John missing. This
last achievement was seen in Aragon.
Achievement of the Catholic Kings, 1475-1492. Toledo Cathedral |
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After the conquest of Granada, when the (new) arms
of Granada were inserted into the arms of the Catholic Kings, the achievement
was adapted accordingly:
Achievement of the Catholic Kings 1492-1504 On the façade of the Colegio
de San Gregorio, Valladolid (1496). |
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Joanna |
*1479-†1555 |
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In her
achievement the arrangement of her mother was maintained, that is to say that
the joint arms of her and her husband were of a quarterly of Castile-Aragon
and Habsburg but that the Eagle of St. John was maintained by Ioanna in her
achievement. Its counterpart of Philip the Fair never seems to have been
realized, probably because he died to soon. Also, he never was a ruling
archduke of Burgundy.
Achievement of Ioanna the Mad On the façade of the church
of Santa Maria la Real in Aranda de Duero (Burgos) The arms are quarterly of Castile-Aragon and
Burgundy, crowned and embellished with the Eagle of St. John, a bundle of
arrows and a yoke. It is supported by two lions reguardant. |
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Achievement of Ferdinand of Aragon, after the conquest
of Navarra, 1513. On the façade of Granada
Cathedral This is
the achievement of Ferdinand as a regent for Joanna of Castile in Castile and
Leon (1506-’16). The regency is indicated by the supporting angels (replacing
the lions reguardant). |
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© Hubert de Vries 2013-06-22
Heraldry of the World