ESTADOS
MEXICANOS
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Arms: A maize plant growing on a hill, proper, in chief a fivepointed star
Or and the motto TIERRA Y LIBERTAD on a
listel Argent Motto: LA TIERRA VOLVERA A QUIENES LA TRABAJAN CON SUS
MANOS (The Soil returns to Him who cultivates it with his
Hands), on a white bordure around the shield. |
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In 1928
the the then Governor ad interim
Gen. Esteban Baca Calderon charged the famous painter Diego Rivera to make a design
for a coat of arms of Nayarit. The result was a highly original coat of arms
that can hardly be described in heraldic terminology that would read about: The arms of 1928 Arms: Argent,
a bordure indented of twelve points parted of black and grey; and a grey
fess below a chief embattled of six black pieces and a black escutcheon a
grey disc charged with four white U per cross, in dexter chief a yellow sun
and in sinister chief a white crescent, in base a light and dark grey cup;
and a bordure indented and counterindented of 23 pieces per fess yellow and
purple; all within a narrow orange bordure. Soon, in
1930, the Rivero arms were abandoned and replaced by another one ordered by
C. Luis Castillo Ledon, 4th Constitutional Governor. It was: The arms of 1930 Arms: Tierced per point arched: 1. Gules, a
maize-plant with its cobs Or; 2. Or, an arrow and bow per pale proper; 3.
Azure, the mountain-range of the Sangangüey Volcano Argent; and on an
escucheon Azure, a bend Gules coticed Or. Frame: Vert,
Or and Gules The
maize-plant is called Tepitl in the
region and ripens in fifty days. It refers to the city of Tepic. The arrow
and bow refers to king Nayarit, founder of the kingdom of Huaica or Xicora,
legislator, God of war and inventor of the bow-and-arrow. In 1970
the arms were changed by Lic. Roberto Gomez Reyes, 12th Constitutional
Governor by replacing the escutchon. The new escutcheon was: The arms of 1970 Arms: Azure, two kettles chequy Gules and Or, with
their vegetables Vert; within a bordure Ermine of eight tails. The arms
were changed for the last time in 1993 by Lic. Celso Humberto Delgado
Ramirez, 15th Constitutional Governor, by decree n° 7633, published in the
Periódico Oficial n° 13 T. CLIV. dd. 14.08.1993. Again the
change was only about the escutcheon. This became: Arms: Purpure, the stone-carving of the ‘Eagle of
Aztlán’ or the ‘Garza Eagle’ in the act of devouring a serpent Argent; and a
bordure Argent charged with seven footsteps Sable. Æ See illustration nin the head of
this section. The eagle
of Aztlán is in the legend about the foundation of the Aztec Empire. A stone, representing such an eagle is in
the National Museum of Antropology and History. The seven
footsteps symbolize the seven tribes who, according to the Codex Boturini,
came from Aztlan to Greater Tenochtitlan. |
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Initially the State
of Nuevo Leon, not having a coat of arms of its own, used the arms of its
capital Monterrey. This was granted by Queen Mary of Austria who charged D.
Nicolás de Azcárraga, Knight of the Order of Santiago and governor of the New
Kingdom of León on 9 May 1672 to create a coat of arms for Monterrey. It was: Arms: A landscape with an indian spanning his bow and a rising sun over a
mountain-range in the distance, all proper. Crown: Of a count Supporters: Two indians with their headdresses and bows and
arrows, six flags in saltire and two cannon, two drums and two piles of
cannonballs On 30 October
1899 the crown was replaced by a cap of liberty. On 8 May 1944
the crown of a count was restored and on 14 November 2007 the original arms
of 1672 were restored entirely. By decree
N° 72 of 2 June 1943 published in the Periódico Oficial No. 47, of 3 June 1943, the state of Nuevo Leon
received a coat of arms of its own. It was created
by a commission consisting of Santiago Roel, Carlos Pérez Maldonado, José P.
Saldaña and Héctor González. The arms are: Arms: Quarterly: 1. A landscape with an orange-tree and a sun rising over the
Silla mountain-range in the distance; 2. Argent, a lion rampant Gules gules
unguled, langued and crowned Or (León); 3. The destroyed church of St.
Franciscus proper; 4. Or, five smoking chimneys Sable. Within a bordure
Azure: in chief six bees Or; a bow between 2Î3 arrows in saltire on the dexter, and a cannon
between two rifles in chief and a sword between two halberds in base on the
sinister Argent; and the name ESTADO DE NUEVO LEON Or in base. And an escutcheon Argent, a chain
per bordure and a bend Sable (Zúñiga). Crest: A spanish grilled helmet to the dexter proper. Motto: On a ribbon of the national colors SEMPER ASCENDENS (Always Rising) Æ See illustration in the head of this
section
The arms
should reflect force, diligence, progress, goodness and appreciation for the
protagonists of the state The arms
were painted by the artist
D. Ignacio Martínez Rendón and can be found in the Palace of the Governent. |
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The arms
of the city of Anteguera, later Oaxaca were granted by King Charles I on 25
April 1532. They are: Arms: Argent, a lion rampant Gules, crowned Or, within
a bordure Azure, eight crosses saltire Or. Arms of Oaxaca Town hall of Oaxaca City Crowned arms on a medal at the occasion of the
accession of Ferdinand VII, 1808 The
present arms of the State of Oaxaca was designed by D. Alfredo Canseco Feraud
by order of Governor Eduardo Vasconcelos (1949-’50). They are: Arms: Per pale: 1. Or, the Aztec
hieroglyph for Huayacac (= Oaxaca); 2. Azure, the sinister half of a Mitla-palace issuant proper and the emblem of the Dominican Order on
the sinister. And a base Gules, two hands breaking the fetters of slavery
Argent. Crest: The National Emblem of
Mexico (1934/1968). Motto: EL RESPETO AL DERECHO AJENO ES
LA PAZ (Respect for the Right of the Other is Peace) Compartment: A banner hanging, its
upper end rolled up, Gules, charged with seven five-pointed stars Argent, and
a white scroll in base inscribed: ESTADO LIBRE Y SOBERANO DE OAXACA. |
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Arms of Puebla City |
Arms of Puebla State |
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The first arms of
Puebla state were the arms granted to the city of Puebla de los Angeles by
royal warrant of King Charles I (V) and his mother Joanna on 20 July 1538.
They are: Arms: Azure, an island Vert and a city of five towers Or, its outer towers
supported by two hovering angels, vested white, winged Or; in chief the
letters . K . V. Or and a base barry
wavy of six pieces Argent and Azure. Motto: ANGELIS
SUIS DEUS MANDANT DE UT CUSTODIANT TE IN OMNIBUS VI IS TUIS, (God has commanded his
angels to guard all your courses) on a bordure Purpure around the shield. The present
arms of the State of Puebla are: Arms: Quarterly: 1. Textile works proper; 2. The Necaxa
weir proper; 3. Argent a flame Gules and a lower arm issuant vested Azure, in
its hand a rifle proper; 4. Tehuacán
valley, the sky above Azure, the land Or, the field Vert, and a naked lower
arm, a maize shoot in its hand, per bend sinister issuant from the sinister,
proper. And an escutcheon of the arms of the city of Puebla, charged with a
label Argent inscribed 5 MAYO 1862 Crest: The Citlaltépetl
or Pico de Orizaba, the Popocatépetl,
the Iztaccíhuatl and the Matlacuéitl
or Malinche mountains Supporters: The mask of the rain-god Tlaloc in chief
between two feathered serpents representing Quetzalcóatl,
footprints on their bodies their tails ending in maize-cobs Motto: UNIDOS EN EL TIEMPO, EN EL ESFUERZO, EN LA
JUSTICIA Y EN LA ESPERANZA. (United in Time, in Force, in Justice and in Hope) on a
white bordure around the shield Title: ESTADO LIBRE Y SOBERANO DE PUEBLA in black lettering on a yellow listel in base.
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The first coat of arms of the city of Queretaro was
granted by Philip IV on 25 of January 1656. It is: Arms: Per
fess, the base per pale: 1. Azure, a sun radiant serving as a socle for a
latin cross flesh-color between two stars Argent; 2. Azure, St. James on
horseback armed proper; 3. Azure, some stalks of grain and a tree fructed
proper. By royal warrant of 29 September 1712 the crowned
royal arms of Castile and Leon were added above the shield and the whole was
surrounded by the collar of the Order of the Fleece. Like this: In the time of king
Charles III (1759-’88) the royal arms above the shield were changed into the
new royal arms being: Arms: 1/3: I: 1|4 of Aragon, Sicily-Trinacria,
Lower Lorraine and Valois; II: 1|3: 1. Farnese; 2. is occupied by the
escutcheon in fess point; 3. Medici. III: 1|2 of Burgundy and Brabant. The
shield enté en point of a parti of Flanders and Tirol. And in fess point ¼ of
Castile and Leon enté en point of Granada, in nombril point Bourbon. Crown: A
Royal crown of five hoops Order: The
Collar of the Order of the Fleece |
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By king Charles IV the Collar of the Order of Charles III (1771) was added Also the royal arms were supported by four banners and
the Piles of Hercules. and the ribbon above the shield was inscribed PLUS ULTRA. In this achievement the arms of Queretaro occupied a
quite subordinated place below te royal arms, but were supported by a drum
and two cannon in saltire. Å Royal Achievement for
Queretaro. As on a map of the city, 1796 |
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After independence the royal arms were omitted and
replaced by the Mexican eagle: |
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When the Mexican Eagle was changed the crest of the arms
of Queretaro was changed accordingly. Achievement of Queretaro between 1867-1918 Æ |
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Å Achievement of Queretaro 1918-‘34 |
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The present achievement of Queretaro has the Mexican
Eagle of 1968 for crest and is supported by two nationa flags in saltire. It
has a trophy of cannon, quivers and cornucopia for compartment and the
garland of the national emblem below. Æ See
illustration in the head of this section. |
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Quintana
Roo, formerly a territory of Yucatan became a state of the United States of
Mexico on 8 October 1974. Its arms are: Arms: Per
fess, the chief per pale: 1. Gules, the maya hieroglyph for snail, Or; 2.
Azure, a five-pointes star Argent; 3. Or, the maya hieroglyph for wind and
three triangles in chief Vert. Crest: A sun
Gules radiating Or. In the arms
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San Luis
Potosi was founded as the Village of San Luis Mesquitique on 3 November 1592. Its name was given in
honor of St. Louis IX, King of France (1226-’70) and the inhabitants of the region
living there since the 13th century. In 1656 the settlement was granted the
title of ‘city’. At the same time the name of ‘Mesquitique’ was changed into
‘Potosi’ by viceroy Francisco Fernández de la Cueva Duque de Alburquerque in
1656, comparing the wealth of the S. Pedro-mines with the wealth of the mines
of Potosi in Bolivia. Also a coat of
arms was granted. This was all confirmed in Madrid on 17 August 1658 by king
Philip IV. The grant of arms reads: “…y le señalo por Armas para que pueda usar de
ellas, un Cerro con campo azul y oro, con dos Barras de plata y otras dos de
oro, y con la Imagen de San Luis en su cumbre; y en cuanto a esto apruebo el
señalamiento de dichas Armas, y en las demás…” “Yo El Rey” That is: ...and
may use a coat of arms consisting of a
mountain [proper] on a field [parted per pale] Azure and Or with two billets
Or [per pale on the dexter] and two billets Argent [per pale on the
sinister], and the image of St. Louis on its top [proper]..[1] The
Mexican constitution of 1824 elevated
San Luis Potosi to a free and sovereign state which received its first
political constitution on 17 October 1826. For this state the arms of the
city are used. The charges of the arms mean:
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Dragon Fruit Pitahaya blanca, Hylocereus
undatus. |
The Free and Sovereign State of Sinaloa,
formerly the Estado de Occidente (Western State) was founded in 1831.
According to the law about the national arms of Mexico, the emblem of Mexico,
surrounded by the name of the service was also used by Sinaloa. In the time
of president Álvaro Obregón (1920-’24) a coat of arms was designed for the
state by the artist Diego Rivera
(1886-1957). This consisted of a foul anchor surrounded by a bordure charged
with seven mermaids. A proposal of a law about the arms
of Sinaloa was sent by the then governor General Gabriel Leyva Velasquez to
the Congress of Sinaloa on 10 October 1958. The arms, designed by Rolando
Arjona Amábilis, were approved by the Congress by Decree n° 241 on the
following 17 November. [2] The arms are: Arms: A dragon
fruit (pitaya), proper, charged
with a quarterly of the emblems of Culiacán, El Fuerte, Rosario and Mazatlán,
charged with five footprints sable and inscribed SINALOA 1831 in white
lettering. Crest: The mexican
eagle and prickly pear proper Motto: COLTZIN, HUEY,
COLHUACAN, MAZATLÁN Æ See
illustration in the head of this section. |
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The dragon fruit was chosen as a pun on the name of the state which is
composed of ‘Sina’, meaning pitahaya
(= dragon fruit), and ‘Lobola’ meaning: field. First seal of the Government of the State of Occidente, as document Nº 9 signed by Governor Elías González, 1826. From: García Becerra, José A.:
El Estado de Occidente, 1996 |
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Seal of Sinaloa printed on the ‘Índice de Disposiciones del
Estado de Sinaloa’, 1887, AHGS |
Seal of Sinaloa Printed
on an official paper, 1888. AHGS |
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Arms of Sinaloa as proposed by Diego Rivera and
painted on the walls of the ‘Secretaría de Educación Pública’ in 1923. Used
until 1958. From: Bonilla Zazueta,
Marta L: “Escudos del Estado de Sinaloa”, 2002 Achievement of Sinaloa, 1958 |
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The
emblem of the Sinaloa Police shows a white shield charged with the arms of
Sinaloa and the Mexican colours between the inscriptions: POLICIA ESTATAL and SINALOA in blue lettering, supported by the star of the Mexican Police. |
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Sonora is the reult of negotiations between general Pedro de Perea and the
viceroy of New Spain the duke of e
Escalona in 1647. Pedro de Perea called his teritory New Andalacia at
first but since 1648 its name is
Sonora. In 1824
Sonora and Sinaloa were united into the state of Occidente but in 1830 both
parts became free and sovereign states of the Republic of Mexico. In the
American Mexican War Sonora lost more than fifty per cent of its territory, a
loss which was recognized by treaty of La Mesilla. In 1853-’54 Sonora an
Lower California were united for a short time by an American adventurer
called William Walker but he had soon to give up. A first
coat of arms for Sonora was designed by the Mexican painter Diego Rivera in the
twenties of the 20th century. This showed a standing man on a field divided
in several parts and with a swastika on his breast. Of these arms there are
two versions but they have in common that both were not officially adopted
and not very well known by the population. [3] |
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The Diego Rivera arms of Sonora |
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In 1946 governor Abelardo
L. Rodríguez (1943-’48) took the initiative to make a new design for the
arms of Sonora. It is said to have been drawn by a certain Conrado Gallegos
from Huapac. The arms are: Arms: Per fess, the chief tierced per point, the base parted per pale: 1.
Vert, a mine charged wit a pick and axe in saltire; 2. Argent, an indian
dancer proper; 3. Gules, a sheaf of wheat Or; 4. Or, a bull’s head proper; 5.
Azure, the coat of Sonora and the island of Tiburon Or, and a shark per bend
sinister over all proper. Motto: ESTADO
DE SONORA in golden
lettering in base of a bordure of the shield Azure. Æ See
illustration in the head of this section. |
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In pre-columbian times the territory of present-day Tabasco was inhabited by the
Olmecs and the Maya. Their cities had been abandoned already when the
spaniards appeared at the beginning of the 16th century. In 1564 the city of San Juan Bautista was founded at
the borders of the river Grijalva by Diego de Quijada. Its foundation was
approved by king Philip II in 1567. In 1598 the city was granted the title of
Villa Hermosa (Excellent City),
together with a coat of arms. This was: Arms:
Quarterly: 1. Gules, four castles Or, masoned Sable, for the kingdom of
Castile; 2. Argent, a left arm, with a sword and a shield, for the spanish
rule of the province; 3. Argent, woman stripped to the waist issuant proper,
plumed and dressed in a skirt of red and green feathers, with ribbons around
the upper arms and bunches of red and green flowers in her hands, for the
local culture. 4. Gules a crowned lion Or, for the kingdom of Leon. And an
oval escutcheon Argent, the bust of the Holy Virgin, crowned, dressed Gules
and with a mantle Azure, proper, within a bordure Or; supported by the Piles
of Hercules, Argent, the one of the dexter with a listel inscribed NEC PLUS, the
one of the sinister with a listel iscribed ULTRA in green
lettering, each crested with a globe Azure, the meridians and paralles of
latitude indicated. Crest: A royal
Crown. In 1892 this coat of arms was adopted for the state of Tabasco by the
Congress of the State of Tabasco. |
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In pre-columbian times the territory of present
Tamaulipas was inhabited by several indian peoples. At the end of the 16th
century it was seen by Amerigo Vespucci who noted that it was called Lariab by its inhabitants.
In the time of spanish rule it was known as the kingdom of Guasteca, the
province of Amichel and Garayana-territory, the province
of Pánuco, the region of Paul, Alifau and Ocinan, Médanos de
la Magdalena, Costa del Seno Mexicano, and New Kingdom of Leon. In
1746 it was incorporated into the kingdom of New Spain with the name of New
Santander. The present name is the name of the village of Tamaholipa which was
founded by Brother Andrés de Olmos en 1544. After
independence the state rebelled against the regime of Antonio López de Santa Anna, and
decided in 1840 to leave the Mexican republic and to unite with the República del Río Grande and Nuevo León
and Coahuila. This republic was liquidated by the mexican army. The first coat
of arms in connexion with Tamaulipas is the coat of arms of Jose de Escandón y Helguera, Conde de Sierra Gorda, Vizconde de Escandón and
president of Tamaulipas, created between October 1749 and July 1751. His
achievement was: Arms: Quarterly: 1. Gules, a castle Argent; 2 Argent an eagle Sable between to
eight-poonted stars Gules; 3. Sable, a kettle Or with a banner Gules, between
two eight-pointed stars Gules; 4. Vert, a castle Argent. And over all a latin
cross Or. Crest: A helmet to the dexter plumed Sable, Vert and Gules. Supporters: Two bearded men each with a palm-leaf in their
outer hand. The legend
accompanying the arms reads: “These rustic arms, nevertheless spreads the
light of the cross and is of the House of Escandon. [4] Arms for
Tamaulipas were designed by the artist Diego Rivera in the twenties of the
20th century. These arms, displayed in the Secretaria de
Educación Pública,
showed a rising sun between two mountains and five snails. In 1939 a
new coat of arms was designed by governor Marte R. Gomez (1937-’41). It was
approved and published in the Periódico Oficial del Estado by decree n° 24 of
9 March 1939 and was used until the term of office of Enrique Cárdenas
González (1975-’81). By decree of the
Congress of the State of 7 September 1978 the arms were changed by adding
plants of agave and sorghum. The third quarter became parted per pale with in
the dexter half a port and ships for the fishimg industries and in the sinister half a tractor for the
mechanisation of agriculture and a derrick for the oil-industries. By decree n° 20
of April 1984 of the Constitutional Congress the arms were adapted for use in
print. The decree reads: ARTICULO 2 El Escudo de Armas del
Estado de Tamaulipas se compone de cuatro secciones enmarcadas en un
pergamino amarillo oro con las características de diseño del Escudo que al
presente Decreto se anexa y que al quedar de frente se describe como a
continuación se especifica: En la
primera sección, correspondiente a la parte izquierda y en fondo azul,
aparecen dispuestas en el siguiente orden una planta de maíz, una de sorgo
con la panoja anaranjada, una de agave y una de caña, todas en color verde
como símbolo de las fuentes principales que han dado auge al desarrollo
agrícola de nuestra entidad. En la
segunda sección, correspondiente a la parte superior central, aparece
el Escudo de Armas de Don José de Escandòn y Heguera Conde de Sierra Gorda,
como testimonio de reconocimiento por su obra social, humanitaria y civilizadora,
para lo cual se identificará solamente el escudo condal con una cruz amarilla
suprimiéndose los soportes, el timbrado y la corona para representarse en
siguiente descripción: En la parte superior izquierda aparece una
torre azul en fondo rojo. En la parte superior derecha una águila dorada
en fondo azul. En la parte inferior izquierda un caldero
dorado con una bandera roja en fondo azul. En la parte inferior derecha una torre azul en
fondo rojo. En la
tercera sección, correspondiente a la parte superior derecha, en fondo
rojo aparecen de arriba hacia abajo un toro de raza cebú en color café
obscuro, una vaca de la misma raza en color amarillo ocre, y un ejemplar de
ganado caprino en color beige, señalándose con ello la producción pecuaria de
nuestra entidad. En la
cuarta sección, En la parte inferior, en
fondo azul cielo se presenta arriba y al centro el característico Cerro
del Bernal en color café, mostrando a cada lado de la parte superior del
mismo una nube blanca. En la
parte inferior izquierda se presenta un barco camaronero gris claro y un pez
anaranjado en un mar azul obscuro con lo que se identifica la explotación e
industria pesquera de nuestro estado. En la
parte inferior y al centro se presenta un tractor blanco en un campo beige,
surcando la tierra como testimonio de desarrollo a través de la mecanización
del campo. En la
parte inferior derecha en fondo verde se presenta una torre petrolera de
color negro y dos depósitos de petróleo blancos, significado el potencial de
hidrocarburos y la capacidad técnica para su refinación. That is: Arms: Per fess, the chief per pale: 1. Azure,
plants of maize, sorghum and sugar proper; 2. Gules, a buffalo, a cow and a goat
issuant to the sinister, proper. The base Azure the Cerro del Bernal between
clouds, in dexter base a port with a fishing ship, in the center a tractor
ploughing approaching, and in sinister base a derrick and a white petrol
depot in a meadow, all proper. And in chief on an escucheon over all, the
arms of Escandon. Compartment:
A sheet of
parchment, Or. Æ See illustration in the head of
this section. |
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The coat of arms of Tlaxcala was granted by royal
warrant of king emperor Charles V dated Madrid 22 April 1535. It is: Arms: Gules,
A three-towered castle Or, masoned Sable and opened Azure, on its central
tower a banner Or, a two-headed eage Sable; within a bordure Argent, two
palm-leaves per pale, proper, in chief the letters I, K and F separated by
two crowns of five leaves, and in base two bones in saltire between two
skulls Or. In the arms the castle is for the kingdom of Castile
and the banner is the banner of the German Nation of the Holy Roman Empire. The letters are for I(oanna the Mad), K(arl
V) and F(ilip II). Royal Warrant Granting the city of
Tlaxcala the title of Leal Ciudad
and a coat of arms, Bought by the Centro de
Estudios de Historia de Mexico, 1974. |
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By Royal
warrant of 4 July 1523 King - Emperor
Charles I (V) granted a coat of arms to the village of Villa Rica de Veracruz
(later known as the City of Veracruz today ‘La Antigua’). At the same time a
coat of arms was granted to the city of Mexico, Medellin and the village of
Espirito Santo (today: Coatzacoalacos). Probably
between 1621 and 1635 king Philip IV has permitted the city of Nueva Veracruz
to use this coat of arms which has used it since then as its own. The original
document presented to the city of Veracruz la Antigua and the copy presented
to Nueva Veracruz are lost. It can not be found in the General Archives of the
Indies. Today it is known from a transcription of 1792 made for the council
of Nueva Veracruz which in its turn goes back to a copy made in 1618. This
last document is preserved in the National General Archives in Mexico city, In 1969 photographies
were published of the text of 1792 in Artes de Mexico but the archives where
it was found were not given. Also in publications of other authors the
location of the document remains unknown. [5] The copy of
1618 reads: Don Carlos, Por la Divina Clemencia, Emperador
Semper Augusto, Rey de Alemania, Doña Juana su madre, y el mismo don Carlos
por la gracia de Dios, Rey de Castilla, de León, de Aragón, de las dos
Sicilias, de Jerusalén, de Navarra, de Granada, de Toledo, de Valencia, de
Galicia, de Mallorca, de Sevilla, de Cerdeña, de Córdoba, de Córcega, de
Murcia, de Jaen, de los Algarbes, de Algecira, de Gibraltar, de las Islas de
Canarias, de la Indias, Islas y tierra firme del mar océano, Conde de
Barcelona, Señores de Vizcaya y de Molina, Duque de Atenas e de Neopatria,
conde de rruisellon y de Cerdeña, Marques de Orisdan, y de Gociano,
Archiduque de Austria, Duque de Borgoña e de Bravante, Conde de Flandes e de
Tirol, etc. Por cuanto Francisco de Montejo y Alonso
Fernández Puertocarrero en nombre del Consejo, Justicia, Regidores,
caballeros, escuderos, oficiales, hombres buenos de la Villa Rica de la
Veracruz, que es en la nuestra Nueva España, nos hicieron relación que
después que la dicha Villa por la gracia de Nuestros Señor fue fundada, hasta
ahora no habemos mandado dar, ni señalar Armas e Devisas que trajésedes en
sus pendones, y pusiésedes en sus sellos, y en otras partes donde las
ciudades y villas de estos Reinos las acostumbran poner y traer, y nos
suplicaron e pidieron por merced en el dicho nombre diésemos y señalásemos
Armas para que trajéredes en los dichos pendones de la dicha villa y se
pusiese en su sello, y en las otras cosas e partes y lugares donde fuese
necesario, e nos, considerando que la dicha Villa es el primer pueblo que fue
fundado y poblado de cristianos en la dicha tierra, y acatando los trabajos y
fatigas y peligros que los vecinos y pobladores de la dicha Villa han pasado,
y sus servicios, y por que es cosa justa y razonable que los que bien sirven
sean honrados y favorecidos de sus príncipes, y por que la dicha Villa sea
más noblecida y honrada, tuvimos por bien, y por la presente vos hacemos
merced y señalamos, y queremos que tengan por sus armas conocidas, un escudo el medio de él a la parte de
arriba un castillo dorado en campo verde, y el otro medio a la parte de abajo
dos columnas blancas que son divisas de mí, el Rey, en campo azul, con letra
que dice Plus Ultra, y en el alto del escudo una cruz colorada, y por orla de
él trece estrellas azules en campo dorado en un escudo a tal como este =aquí
esta el escudo de armas= las cuales dichas armas y divisas damos a la
dicha villa por sus armas conocidas para que las pueda traer, y poner e
traiga e ponga en los pendones y sellos y escudos y banderas de ella, y en
otras partes donde quiérades, y fuese menester según e como e de la
forma e manera que las traen e ponen las otras ciudades de estos dichos
nuestros reinos de Castilla que tienen armas, y por esta nuestra carta mandamos
al Ilustre infante don Fernando nuestro muy caro e muy amado hermano e hijo,
y a los duques, marqueses, prelados, condes, ricos omes (sic), maestres de
las ordenes, priores e comendadores, alcaides de las fortalezas y casas
fuertes, y llanos, y a los del nuestro consejo presidentes e oidores de las
nuestras Audiencias e alcaldes e alguaciles de la nuestra corte e
cancillería, e los gobernadores y capitanes y justicias, y otros nuestros
oficiales de las Indias, Islas e Tierra firme del mar océano, e a los
consejeros, corregidores, asistentes, alcaldes, alguaciles y merinos, y a
otras justicias e oficiales cualesquiera de todas las ciudades y villas de
los nuestros reinos, y a cada uno, y cualquier de ellos e a otras
cualesquiera persona nuestros súbditos naturales, que vos guarden e cumplan,
e hagan guardar e cumplir esta nuestra carta e la nuestra en ella contenida
en todo, e por todo según que en ella se contiene e contra el tenor e
forma de ella vos no vayan ni consientan ir, ni pasar en tiempo alguno, ni
por alguna manera, so pena de la nuestra merced, y de cien mil maravedíes
para nuestra cámara a cada uno que lo contrario hiciere e demás mandamos,
etc. con emplazamiento en forma. Dada en la Villa de Valladolid a
cuatro días del mes de julio, año del nacimiento de Nuestro Salvador
Jesucristo, de mil e quinientos e veinte y tres años. Yo el Rey. Yo Francisco de los Cobos, comendador
mayor del Con secretario de su cesárea católicas majestades la hice
escribir por su mandado la provisión aquí escrita mande sacar de mis libros
por duplicada a pedimento de la Alonso de Aybar, procurador de la ciudad de
la Nueva Veracruz en Madrid a veinte de junio de mil seiscientos y diez y
ocho años. Yo el Rey. Yo Juan Ruiz de Contreras Secretario del Rey Nuestro
Señor la hice escribir por su mandado = Rubricado = Duplicado refrendada =
Francisco = no se percibe lo demás que esta escrito = Canciller = Francisco =
no se percibe lo demás que esta escrito = Otra firma cuyos nombres y
apellidos no se comprende con perfección = Licenciado don Roque de Aguiar y
Acuña = Licenciado Alonso María de Torres = LicenciadoDiego Lucio
Lugero = Licenciado don Luis Campo Prieto = Sello de Armas a la Villa Rica de
la Veracruz en la Nueva España = Esta sellado con el sello real.[6] That is: Arms: Per fess Vert
and Azure in chief a castle Or and in base the Piles of Hercules Argent
inscribed PLUS ULTRA and high in the shield a cross Gules; surrounded by a
bordure Or charged with 13 stars Azure It is supposed that the cross initially was placed in the chief above the
castle but later it was drawn as a kind of crest. About the subject there is
a discussion.
Medal struck to commemorate the
proclamation of king Ferdinand VII, 1808. On this version of the arms the cross is in the upper part of the
bordure. 1920-ties This version is used by the present Government of Veracruz (2012). Æ See
illustration in the head of this section |
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Initially the
territory of Yucatan was a part of the Audiencia de los Confines, also known
as Guatemala. On 9 January 1560 it became a part of the Audiencia of Mexico.
In 1617 it was considered to be a General Captaincy dependent from New Spain
and comprising Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Yucatán and the northern part
of what is now Belize. In 1786 it
became the Government of Yucatan. On September
15, 1821, in the Hall of Councils of the City of Mérida, Yucatán declared its
independence from Spain and it was incorporated into the Mexican Empire on 2
November 1821. After the fall
of the Mexican Empire the first Republic of Yucatán, declared on May 29,
1823, joined the Federal Republic of the United Mexican States as the Federated Republic of Yucatán on
December 23, 1823. A second
Republic of Yucatán emerged when the federal pact, signed by Yucatán and
endorsed in the Constitution of Yucatán of 1825, was broken by the centralist
government of Mexico in 1835. In 1841 the
state of Tabasco decreed its separation from Mexico and the creation of an independent federal
republic from Mexico formed by the two states was proposed. The idea failed
when Tabasco rejoined Mexico in 1842. On August 22,
1846, Mexican interim president José Mariano Salas restored the 1824 federal
constitution. Two years later, during the government of president José
Joaquín de Herrera, Miguel Barbachano ordered the reinstatement of Yucatán to
Mexico under the Constitution of Yucatán of 1825. In the time of
the General Captaincy and the Republic of Mexico until 1989, the coat of arms
of the city of Merida, adopted 16 August 1618 was used for Yucatan. It was: Picture: Wikipedia Arms: Parted per pale the first Azure, a
three-towered castle Or; the second Vert a lion rampant Ot. Crest: A crown of
five leaves Garland: Branches of
laurel and olive Motto: MUY NOBLE Y MUY LEAL
CIUDAD DE MÉRIDA (The very noble and loyal city of Mérida) The coat of
arms of Yucatan was adopted by decree of 30 November 1989 of the government
of the state, published in the Diario Oficial, after an initiative of
Governor Víctor Manzanilla Schaffer of 22 September 1989. It is the winning
design of a competion won by Juan Francisco Peón Ancona. The arms are: Arms: Vert, a deer salient, a shing sun issuant in sinister chief and a plant
of agave growing on a ground in base, Or; within a bordure Or, a maya-arch in
chief and in base and a spanish bell-tower on the dexter and on the sinister,
Vert. Motto: YUCATAN in green lettering on a ribbon Or. |
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In 1531 the
settlement of Guadalajara, present Nochistlan was founded by the spaniards. This
settlement was later moved to its current location in Jalisco because of
water supply problems and indigenous attacks The capital was founded by Juan
de Tolosa with the support of Cristobal de Oñate and Pedro Almendez Chirinos
in 1546, after the discovery of one of the world’s richest silver veins.
However, the area was dangerous for Spanish settlement because of the fierce
opposition of the native peoples. In 1541, an indigenous leader named Tenamextle, also known as Francisco Tenamaztle
and Diego the Aztec, rebelled, capturing and executing the spanish leader
Miguel de Ibarra. Nevertheless after the Mixtón
War in the 1540s. the Spanish continued to push into Zacatecas because of
its silver wealth, making it a province of New
Galicia. Much of the
state’s colonial history to the present has been related to its mineral
production, especially of silver. The first boom was from the Conquest to the
mid 17th century. The riches drew settlers from the south and in 1586, Philip
II gave the city the name of Noble and Loyal City of Nuestra Señora de los
Zacatecas. In 1588, he authorized its coat of arms. The next boom
was in the early 18th century, with the state producing one-fifth of the
world’s silver. These riches supported the establishment of new settlements
along with the building of elegant churches and mansions as the area became
one of the most important of New Spain . During the Mexican War of Independence, Miguel
Hidalgo’s troops marched through Zacatecas twice, once when they were
attacking royalist troops and later when fleeing them. The war ended in 1821
and Zacatecas formally became a state in 1824, with the city of Zacatecas as
its capital. The design of
the coat of arms of Zacatecas is known from a painting dated 1584, preserved
in the Hisorical Archives of the city of Zacatecas. This paintaing shows: Painting of the later coat of arms of Zacatecas, 1584 Archivo Historico de la Ciudad de Zacatecas The
painting shows the Holy Virgin with
the child on a mountain and standing on the royal cypher of king Philip II:
PHLVS II. In the sky are a sun and a moon and at the foot of the mountain are
four standing men to be identified as Juan de Tolosa, Baltasar Temiño de
Bañuelos, Diego de Ibarra and captain Cristóbal de Oñate, the discoverers of the
mountains. Below is the motto LABOR VINCIT OMNIA (Work Conquers All). In this picture the Holy Virgin and Child within a halo is taken from the
banner of the Spanish Admiralty. In his royal warrant granting a coat of arms an the title of Muy Noble y
Leal Ciudad to Zacatecas, dated San Lorenzo de El Escorial 20 June 1588, king
Philip II closely follows this picture. The description of the arms in the
warrant reads: ... “Por ende, por la presente hago merced a la
dicha ciudad de que agora y de aquí en adelante haya y tenga por sus armas
conocidas un escudo y en él una peña grande por estar la dicha ciudad al pie
de otra que se llama La Bufa y en lo más eminente una cruz de plata y en una
parte la más acomodada de la misma peña, una imagen de Nuestra Señora por
aver descubierto en aquel zerro y peñazco en el día de su nacimiento Juanes
de Tolosa y más abajo una zifra coronada de oro que diga Philipo para que
siempre haya memoria de averse intitulado y ennoblecido la dicha Ciudad en el
tiempo que por la misericordia de Dios yo Reyno y en los dos extremos de lo
más alto de dicho escudo el sol y la luna y en la falda de dicha peña cuatro
retratos de personas en campo de plata por la memoria del dicho Joanes de
Tolosa y Diego de Ibarra, Baltasar de Bañuelos y el Capitán de Oñate,
primeros cuatro descubridores del dicho Zerro y peñazco y pobladores de dicha
Ciudad y devajo que diga un letrero Labor vincit Omnía: y en la orla cinco
manojos de flechas entremetidas con otros cinco que son las armas que husan
los indios Chichimecas según que aquí va pintado y figurado” That is: Arms: La Bufa mountain, crested with a silver latin cross, charged with the
Holy Virgin-and-Child within a halo proper, standing on a crowned shield
Azure, charged with the cypher PHLVS II Or, a sun in dexter chief and a moon
in sinister chief and in base four men in armour being the discoverers of the
said mountain Juan de Tolosa, Baltasar Temiño de Bañuelos, Diego de Ibarra
and captain Cristóbal de Oñate, proper and a listel with the motto LABOR VINCIT OMNIA below; within a bordure charged with
five bundles of arrows separated by another five which are the arms of the
Chichimecs as depicted here. These arms were
covered with a royal crown. [7] For the state of Zacatecas the crown is omitted and
some minor modifications are inserted. Æ See illustration in the head of this
section. |
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© Hubert de Vries 2014-01-28
Heraldry of the World