â
Nrs 201-257
b
Papal residence in Rome 1376 - |
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201 Urbanus VI |
1378-1389 |
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Bartolomeo
Prignani belonged to a noble Neapolitan family and was the son of Nicol
Prignani and of Margerita Brancaccio. His tomb,
in the Grotto Vaticane, shows two shields with his arms: Or, an eagle Azure, surmounted by tiaras. Two columns from his
monuments now form part of te tabernacle
of the statue of St Peter in the Grotte, and have on the capitals the
same shield with the eagle. Arms of Urbanus VI on his tomb in the Vatican
Grottoes Arms: Or, an eagle Azure Crown: A papal tiara 1378-1410:
In Bourges: Two keys in saltire (Galbr. fig 39) |
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202 *Clemens VII** |
1378-1398 |
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Robert of
Geneva was the son of Amadeus III Count of Geneva and of Mahaut d’Auvergne. The seals
of the counts of Geneva show them to have originally borne Checky gold and azure. This was
modifief by a reductio of the squares into Nine pieces gold and azure or into Golde a cross azure quarterpieced but the tincture are oft
reversed. Arms of Clemens VII Portal Vienne Cathedral Arms: Equipollé Or and Azure Crown: A Papal tiara Supporters: Two angels Clement
VII was the only pope to use an armorial seal, which shows supporters, an
eagle and two leopards. Caption: SIGIILUM
CLEMENTIS PAPE SEPTIMI COMITIS HEREDITARII GEBENNENSIS |
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203 Bonifatius IX |
1389-1404 |
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Pietro Tomacelli belonged to a Neapolitan family whose nobility is extolled by all writers, though the names of his parents are never mentioned. A connection with the Tomacelli house, claimed by the Cibo family of Genoa, does not seem capable of proof. Boniface´s arms, Gules a bend chequy Argent and
Azure, can still be seen on the morse and on the chair of his statue in
the cloister of San Paolo fuori le Muira, on a manuscript in the Vatican
Library and in mosaic on the background of the kneeling statue of Boniface
VIII at St John Lateran. They were
also on his monument in Old St. Peter´s of which Ciacconius gives an
illustration. Foto
H.d.V. 05.05.2005 Boniface VIII at
St John Lateran |
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204 Benedictus XIII |
1394-1417 |
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Pedro de
Luna was the son of Juan Martinez de Luna, Baron of Ilveca, and of Maria
Perez de Gotor. His arms, Gules, a
crescent reversed Argent, and a base Argent, which can be seen in the
windows of the cathedral at Bourges, on a keystone in the cathedral of
Carpentras, and in the Book of the Council of Constance, show him to have
belonged to the Martinez de Luna, the first of the three branches of the
great Aragonese house whose members were ricos hombres de natura from the
time of Alfonso III. (Galbreath p. 81. Drawing of u. Richental, colours
added). |
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205 Innocentius VII |
1404-1406 |
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Innocentius VII, arms (Modern rendering) Cosimo
Migliorati was the son of Gentile Migliorati of Sulmona and of Mascia Orderin
of the family of the counts of Marsia and of Valva. Examples of his arms, Gold a ben azure charged with a comet gold
and cotised azure, are extremely rare, as they were desryed by the Roman
populace in the riots of 1405. Thew only contemporary example that has come
to light is the remains of a fresco in the Palazzo del Capitano at Todi. The
Pope’s familiy died out in 1500; yet the same arms are borne by another
family of the same name, to which the mother of Benedict XV belonged. Coat of arms in Gesta Pontificum Romanorum by
Giovanni PalazzoVenice 1688 |
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206 Gregorius XII |
1406-1415 |
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Angelo
Correr was the son of a Venetian patrician Niccolo Correr and of Polissena
N.... His arms, Party per fess Argent
and Azure a lozenge throughout counterchanged, appear in Richental’s Book
of the Council of Constance, in the cathedral of Siena, on his monument at Recanati,
and, surmounted by a chief of the Papacy, on a bronze badge in the Museo
Correr at Venice. (Galbreath p. 81. Drawing of U. Richental, colours added) |
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207 Alexander V |
1409-1410 |
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Pietro
Filargo was born in Crete of unknown parents. His arms: Azure, a star of eight wavy rays surrounded by eight molets all gold,,
can be seen in the windows of the cathedral of Bourges, on his coins, and on his
much restored tomb in the church of San Fracesco in Bologna Arms of Akexander V,
Bourges Cathedral (Window 04) The arms
augmented with a chief of the keys in saltire and crowned with a papal tiara
supported by two angels. Supporters: Two (three-) angels On his tomb in Bologna With Prosperity for
supporter Also: From a 16th cent. manuscript: |
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208 Johannes XXIII |
1410-1415 |
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Baldassare
Cossa was the son of Giovanni Count of Troia and belonged to a family which
originally came from Ischia. His arms
are party fess-wise, in chief a human
leg (cossa) silver, in base vert three bends silver, all within a border
indented gold. Arms of John XXIII in a manuscript Arms: Argent three bends Vert, and a chief Gules a
leg bend at the knee Gules, all within a bordure engrailed Or Babst Johannes der drey vn zweintzigest in the Chronik
des Konzils zu Konstanz, |
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209 Martinus V |
1417-1431 |
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In 1417, on the death of Bishop
Jacopo, who was a partisan of Pope John XXIII, the clergy wished to proceed to
the election of a new bishop, but the people prevented them, proclaiming as
bishop Nicolò Vivari, the nominee of Pope Gregory XII. Again in 1433 the clergy
wished to revive their right of electing a bishop, but the intervention
of Pope
Eugenius IV prevented
them. Oddo
Colonna was the son of Agapito Colonna and of Caterina Conti, and belonged to
one of the greatest baronial families of Rome. The Colonna arms are, Gules, a column Argent. From the end
of the 14th century, the column is usually surmounted by a gold crown
supposed to have been granted by the Emperor Louis of Bavaria to reward the
assistance of the Colonnesi in 1329. Martin V’s arms can be seen in various
books of arms, on his tomb at St John Lateran, on his coins, in the Hall of
the Notaries at Perugia, on the Palazzo del Senatore in Rome, at Milan and at
Viterbo, and as far afield as the Tower of San Giorgio in Rhodes. (Galbreath
p. 82. Drawing U. Richental, colours added). Simone
Ghini, Grabdenkmal Martins V.; Rom. San Giovanni in Laterano. Während
seines Pontifikats, das von 1417-1431 währte, widmete sich Marin V. mit
Hingabe dem Wiederaufbau Roms. Er bemühte sich auch um Frieden und um eine
stabile politische Lage in Italien. |
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210 *Clemens VIII** |
1423-1429 |
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Gil Sánchez
Muñoz y Carbón, was one of the antipopes of the Avignon Papacy, reigning from
10 June 1423 to 26 July 1429 as Clement VIII. He was born in Teruel between 1369–1370 and a member of the
Avignon curia. When Alfonso V of Aragon reached an agreement with Pope Martin
V, Sanchez Muñoz abdicated, made his submission and was appointed bishop of
Mallorca. He died on 28 December 1446. His arms
are: Quarterly, fist and fourth, gules
a cross flory gold, plain voided of the field, second and third, gold plain.
His tomb in Mallorca Cathedral The arms
Sanchez Muñoz |
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211 *Benedictus XIV* |
1425-1430 |
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Benedict
XIV was the name used by two closely related minor antipopes of
the 15th century. The first, Bernard
Garnier became antipope in 1424 and died c. 1429. The
second, Jean Carrier, became antipope c. 1430 and apparently left
office, whether by death or resignation, by 1437. Neither
of these claimants was supported by more than a very small faction within the
Church. They claimed to be the successors to Benedict XIII, one of the
parties to the great Papal Schism. In 1417, the Council of
Constance resolved the Schism, proclaiming Martin V the new
Pope and demanding that Benedict XIII renounce his claim. Benedict XIII,
however, remained at a castle in Peñíscola (kingdom of Valencia)
and continued to maintain supporters. He died in 1423, but, the day before
his death, he created four cardinals loyal to him, in order to ensure the
Avignon line. Three of these cardinals met and elected Antipope Clement
VIII. However, one of Benedict XIII's cardinals, Jean Carrier, disputed the
validity of this election. Carrier, acting as the College of
Cardinals by himself, elected Bernard Garnier, who took the name Pope
Benedict XIV, instead.[2] Carrier was the archdeacon of Rodez, near Toulouse, and Garnier had been the sacristan of Rodez. Garnier
conducted his office secretly and was known as the "hidden pope": a
letter from the Count of Armagnac to Joan of Arc indicates that only Carrier
knew Benedict XIV's location. Garnier's reign as Benedict XIV ended at his
death in 1429 or 1430, although he named four of his own cardinals, one of
whom was named Jean Farald. |
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212 Eugenius IV |
1431-1439 |
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Gabriele
Condulmero was the son of Angelo Condulmero and belonged to a wealthy
merchants’ family of Venice, some of whose branches at various times entered
the ranks of the Ventian nobility, though the one to which the Pope belonged
did not succeed in doing so until 1687. His mother Beriola Correr was the
sister of one Pope, Gregory XII, the mother of a second, Eugenius, and the
grandmother of a third, Paul II. Eugenius IV’s arms, Azure, a bend Argent, appear on his
coins, in the illuminations of various manuscripts in the Vatican Library, in
the archives of Dijon, and in the Stuttgart Public Library, in the windows of
the cathedrals of Evreux and Carpentras, and in the paintings of the Hall of
the Notaries at Perugia. The shields on his tomb at San Salvatore in Lauro
date from a much later period. (Galbreath p. 83. Drawing from the Stuttgarter
Wappenbuch, colours added) http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0000/bsb00001425/images/index.html?seite=00155&l=de |
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213 *Felix V** |
1439-1449 |
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Arms: Gules, a cross Argent Amadeus
Count and Duke of Savoy was the son of Count Amadeus VII and of Bonne de
Berry. His arms Gules a cross silver
can be see on numberless coins, seals, manuscripts, on the bell presntred by
him to the cathedral of Basle and a keystone retaining some, at least of its
original colouring in the abbey cloisters of St. Maurice d’Agaun. The cross
of Savoy appears on the seals of the counts of Maurienne and Savoy in 1143,
and at the present day in the arms of the kingdom of Italy (until 1945). |
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214 Nicolaus V |
1447-1455 |
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Gold Ducat of Pope Nicholas V |
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214 -1447 Pappa nicolaus quintus servus servor(um) Spoleto Castle
ground floor. Nicolas V |
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Well, Spoleto Castle |
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215 Calixtus III** |
1455-1458 |
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Arms of Calixtus III, of Cardinal
Rodrigo Borja and of Podrio-Luiz de Borja. Bas-relief in the Ponte Moll. The small Martinez de Luna
shield in the corner is probaly the shiled of the master of works Alonzo de
Borja was the son of Domingo de Borja and of Francisca de Marti. The Borja
family, whom the Italians called Borgia, appear in the 14th
century among the lesser nobility of the province of Valentia. The arms of Calixtus III were, Or,
an ox gules feeding on a terrace vert, and a border Or, charged with with tufts
of grass vert. These latter charges have been taken to be flames, garbs,
hearts, crescents and double crowns of Aragon, the Borgia badge. The tincture
of the border is frequently given as gules, but all the contemporary
examples, inasmuch as they are coloured, show it to have been gold, and the
charges on it green. Calixtus III’s arms appear on his coins, in relief on the Rocca of Viterbo, on the Ponte Molle near Rome, in a fine manuscript in the Riccardi Library of Florence, in the Hall of the Notaries at Perugia, on the ceiling of Santa Maria Maggiore, and in the Pursuivant Ingeram’s book of arms. A fine stone relief of his arms as cardinal is in the Borgia Apartments in the Vatican. (G. p. 84) Arms of Calixtus III, the Church and the Church of
St Peter |
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216 Pius II |
1458-1464 |
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Enea-Silvio
de’ Piccolomini was the son of Silvio Piccolomini and of Vittoria
Forteguerri, and belonged to one of the most important Sienese families of
the later Middle Ages. The Piccolomini arms, Argent, a cross Azure with five crescents
Or, appear first in 1279, and very frequently afterwards, on the painted
covers of the Sienese tax-account books, the Libri di Biccherna e di Gabella, which form what is practically a
Golden Book of the families of that city. Fine examples of Pius II’s arms,
painted by Pinturicchio, may be seen in the library of Siena Cathedral. They
also appear on his coins, on his monument in Sant’Andrea del Valle, in
manuscripts at Pienza, Siena and the vatican Library, on numerous reliefs in
Rome and in Siena and in a book of arms belonging to the Tiroler Adelsmatrikelgenossenschaft at Innsbruck. (Galbreath,
p. 85. Lisini: Le Tavolette dipinte di Biccherna et di Gabella del R.
Archivio di Stato in Siena, Siena, 1901. Drawing from the Pfälzer Wappenbuch, colours
added). The crowned arms of the Vatican an of Pope Pius II
in alliance Pfälzer Wappenbuch (Galbr.
fig. 92) Foto H.d.V, 2010 The arms of Pius II with a chief of the Vatican,
supported by two hovering angels |
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217 Paulus II |
1464-1471 |
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Pietro
Barbo was the son of Nicolo Barbo, a Venetian patrician, and of Polissena
Condulmero, sister of Eugenius IV. Parts of his monument from Old St Peters’s
are now in the Museo Petriano. Many fine examples of Paul II’s
arms, Azure, a lion Argent and a bendlet Or over all, are to be seen
in Rome especially in the palazzo Venezia, in the adjoining church of San
Marco, and on the fragments of his monument in the Museo Petriano. They also
appear on his coins, on leaden tiles in the Vatican, in manuscripts at
Perugia, in the Vatican Library and at St. Gall. (G. pp. 85-86) The arms of Paul II between the arms of Rome, the Senate of the
People of Rome, the Church and the Church of St. Peter (Galbr. Pl. V.) Foto H.d.V. 2010 The arms of Paul II in the Vatican. |
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218 Sixtus IV |
1471-1484 |
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Francesco
della Rovere, the son of Lionardo della Rovere and of Lucchina Magnone, belonged
to a family which, though settled at Savona in the 14th century,
originally came from the neighbouring hamlet of Albissola. It is more than improbable that
there is any relationship between this Pope’s family and the great
Peidmontese house of Rovere, counts of Vinovo, but Sixtus attached great
importance to this claim which he was already making while still a cardinal.
He consequently assumed the arms of the Piedmontese family, Azure an
oak-tree uprooted Or, which can be seen everywhere in the Sistine Chapel,
on the Palazzo del Senatore, and in innumerable other places. The Savona
family are said really to have borne, Azure, an oak-tree vert, and
several manuscripts in the Vatican Library as well as the Statutes of Perugia
in the Public Library of that city show a green oak-tree wit gold or yellow
acorns. The same tinctures appear on the great Flemish tapestry and on an
Italian embroidered altar-front, both in the treasury of S. Francesco at
Assisi. (G. p. 86) |
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219 Innocentius VIII |
1484-1492 |
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Giovanni-Battista
Cibo of Genoa, the son of Arano Cibo and of Theodorina da Mari, claimed
descent from the Neapolitan house to which Boniface IX belonged. He even had
the assertion placed on the latter’s statue, but the claim, based on a
similarity of arms, is more than doubtful. The Cibo arms, Gules, a bend checy Argent and Azure and a
chief of the Republic of Genoa, Argent a cross Gules, appear on the
Pope’s tomb, on his coins, in the Hall of the Notaries at Perugia, in various
manuscripts in the Vatican Library, and in Innocent’s Belvedere in the
Vatican. (Galbreath p. 87. Drawing from MS Vat. gr. 1208 in the Vatican
Library, colours added.) Arms of Innocence VIII Arms: The
arms of Boniface IX under a chief Argent a cross Gules Coat of Arms of pope Innocent VIII Supported by Two Angels, by
Benedetto Buglioni (~1459-1521), 1484-87 Glazed terracotta, Æ 121 cm (Musei
Vaticani, Vatican) |
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220 Alexander VI |
1492-1503 |
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Rodrigo de Borja y Borja was the son of Jofrè de
Borja y Doms and of Isabel de Borja sister of Calixtus III. The arms borne by
Alexander and all the descendants of his grandfather Rodrigo –Gil de Borja
and of Sibilla Doms, the heiress of that family, are Party, dexter, Or an
ox gules feeding on a terrace vert, a border Or, charged with eight
tufts of grass vert, (Borja), and sinister, barry of six gold
and sable (Doms). It should be noticed that the border remains intact along
the palar line, and is not suppressed as it would be in French or English
heraldry. Superb
examples of Alexander VI’s arms are to be seen in the Borgia Apartments in
the Vatican, in the castle of St. Angelo, in manuscripts of the Vatican
Library and at Innsbruck, on the ceiling of Santa Maria Maggiore, and in the
cathedral of Modena. Alexander VI, miniatuur uit de „Messa di Natale” van
Alexander VI. Rome,
Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Arms of
Alexander VI |
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221 Pius III |
1503-1503 |
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Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, son of Nanne
Todeschini of Sarteno near Siena and of Laudomia Piccolomini, sister of Pius II, assumed his
uncle’s name and arms early in life and is not believed ever to have borne his
paternat coat which is apparntly unknown. As Pius III eigend for oly 26 days, examples of
his arms, Silver a cross azure with five crescents gold, are rare, and
probably the only ones in existence
are to be found on his monument, now in Sant’ Andrea del Valle, on his
coins and medals and on his monumen in the cathedral of Siena. Achievement of of Pius III On his tomb in
Sant’Andrea del Valle Medal of Pope Pius III, 1503, at the occasion of his
election, (print of 1664). Unsigned, by G. Paladino . Æ 44,64 mm [1] |
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222 Julius II |
1503-1513 |
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Giuliano della Rovere was
the son of Raffaello della Rovere, brother of Sixtus IV, and of Teodora
Manerola, His arms, Azure an oak-tree uprooted gold, may
be seen in stained-glass indos of Santa Maria del Popolo and in manuscripts
in the Vatican Library; they are also carved in the castle of Sant’Angelo,
and painted in Raphael’s stanze in the Vatian. They appear as well in the
windows of San Francesco at Assisi but there the tree has green leaves and
yellow acorns. W.: Rood, twee gekruiste sleutels en een gouden koord. Tiara met infulae. (Museum van het Vaticaan Stanze di Rafaelo Sala dell'incendio di Borgo, gewelf) (XI.'94). W.: Rood, twee gekruiste gouden sleutels en een gouden
koord. Tiara met infulae. (Als
voor, Sala della Segnatura) (XI'94). Tiara of
Julius II by Caradosso. Watercolour by Bertoni. British Museum. The knob,
upheld by demi-dragons, was added by Gregory XIII(1572-’85) (Buoncompagni)
Papal Her. Fig. 36. |
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223 Leo X |
1513-1521 |
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Giovanni de‘ Medici was the son
of Lorenzo de’ Medici, il Magnifico, andof Clarice Orsini. The Florentine Medici frist
achieved political importance during the revolt of the Ciompi, and the story
of their further rise needa no repetition. Their arms show a number of red
balls, generally six, representing the
physician’s pill, but the arrangement as well as the number varies. The
establishd arms originall were, Gulef
six roundels, gules in orle, but in 1465 Louis XI of France granted to
Pietro di Cosimo de’ Medici an augmentation of the French arms, replaciing
the uppermost roundel by one of azure
chaged with three gold fleurs-de-lis; this roinde is frequently drawn of
a larger size than the others. |
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224 Hadrianus VI |
1522-1523 |
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Arms: Quarterly, 1&4: Or, three wolfhooks
Vert; 2&3: Argent a lion Sable Tomb of Hadrianus VI in the church of Santa Maria
dell’ Anima, Rome By Alberto Galli, 1523 (Coll
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam) |
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225 Clemens VII |
1523-1534 |
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Giulio
de’ Medici was the illegitimate son of Giuliano de’ Medici and a certain
Fioretta. A dispensation for defect of birth was granted to him by Leo X,
followed by a declaration that his parents had been secretly married. Clement
made use of the same arms as Leo X, and examples of them are to be seen on
his tomb at Santa Maria sopra Minerva as well as on the pedestals of the
statues of St Peter and St Paul on the Ponte Sant’Angelo. One of his medas
shows his arms placed on a large cross of Malta commemorating the fact that
he had belonged to the Order of St John. Arms: Or, five balls Gules 2, 2, 1 and a sixth
Azure charged with three fleurs de lys Or 2 and 1, in chief [2] |
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226 Paulus III |
1534-1549 |
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Alessandro
Farnese, son of Pier-Luigi Farnese and of Giovanella Caetani, belonged to a
small feudal family of the Patrimonio of St. Peter. The
Farnese arms were originally, a gold shield strewn with blue fleurs-de-lis.
During the 15th century the shield was charged with a variable number of
fleurs-de-lis, of which good examples are to be seen on the walls of the
Palazzo Farnese at Viterbo. The arms as finally born are, Or, six fleurs-de-lis Azure, three, two and one. Fine
achievements of Paul himself are frequent in Rome, among them those in the
castles of Sant’Angelo, on the Palazzo Farnese, and on a house in the Via
Giulia. (Galbreath)
Coat of arms of Pope Paul III Farnese on Palazzo
Farnese Rome Foto H.d.V. 11 '94 Arms of Paul III, Stairs of Todi, cathedral Arms of Pope Paul III.
(Alexander Farnese), from a design by Antonio de Sangallo
(1482-1546). Foto H.d.V. 2010 Achievement of Paul III with angels for supporters. Museum of the Vatican,
Stanze de Rafaelo, Sala de Costantino, windowshutters Arms: Or, sis fleurs de lys Azure 3, 2 and 1 Crest: Two keys in saltire and a tiara. Supporters: Two angels |
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227 Julius III |
1550-1555 |
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Giovanni-Maria
Ciocchi del Monte was the son of Monte San Savino and of Chistofora Saracena
of Siena. His grandfather Fabiano sometines calle himself del Monte from the
name of his birthplace, and both the Pope end his uncle, Cardinal Antonio,
consistenly suppressed the familiy name. The
Ciocchi arms Azure a be gules edged gold charged with three triple munts
gold, between two laurel wreaths also gold, can be seen on Fabiano’s tomb at
Monte San Savino, as well as on the Pope’s coins, medals, bookbindings, etc.
The mounts are generally set bend-sinister-wise, sometimes, though more
rarely, they are set bend-wise. The laurel wreaths genearlly consist of a
single branch bent in a circle. As for the tinctures, tey appear
authoritatively on the grant allowing the counts Spaa of Terni to bear Julius
III’s arms ob a chief above their own. Achievement of Pope Julius III Courtyard of Palazzo Spada The mounts set palewise. Two
youths for supporters
By Nicolò dell' Abate
(ca1509-1571) Pen and brown ink and wash,
with white opaque watercolor, on light brown toned paper. (213 x 273 mm) [3] The
shiels is supporterd by allegories of Faith and Charity. Arms: Azure, a bend Gules edged Or, charged with
three triple mounts Or, between two slings Or. Crown and crest: A Tiara and keys in saltire Supporters: two youths / allegories of Faith and Charity |
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228 Marcellus II |
1555-1555 |
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Marcello
Cervini, son of Ricciardo Cervini and of Cassandr Benci, came of two of the noblest
families of Montepulciano. The
Pope’s arms, Azure nine wheat-stalks
gold in groups of three, growing from a base vert, and a fawn (cervino, not
a stag) gold at rest before them,
can be seen on coins struck during his three weeks’pontificate, on the
Cervini palace at Montepulciano, on the façade of te cathedral of Gubbio, and
on his portrait published by Panvinio
in 1568 Arms of Marcellus II Palazzo Cervini,
Montepulciano Also (in
color) : |
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229 Paulus IV |
1555-1559 |
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Gian-Pietro
Carafa of Naples was the son of Gian-Antonio arafa Baron of Sant’Angelo della
Scala and of Vittoria Camponeschi Countess of Montorio. Though Carafa
arms, Gules three bars silver, with various differences, can still be found
on many Neapolitan buildings, achievents of Paul IV are very rare in Rome, as
after the deaths of the Poped, a decree of the Roman people orderedthe
removal of every visible memorial of the “tyrnnical house of Caraffa”; one
example however exists in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva where the
Pope was bried, and another in the Sala Ducae in the Vatican. Arms: Barry of seven Gules and Argent Crown and crest: A Tiara and keys in saltire Supporters: Two putti (S.
Giovanni di Laterano, XI'94). |
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© Hubert de Vries 2020-09-16