Philippe II [Auguste]

*1165-†1223

Co-regent 1179

King of France 1180-1223

1179 Inauguration:

“Postmodum positis super altare corona regia, gladio in vagina inclu­so, calcaribus aureis, sceptro deaurato, & virga ad mensuram unius cubiti vel amplius, habente desuper manum eburneam. Item caligis sericis, & iacintinis, intextis per totum liliis aureis, & tunica eiusdem colo­ris, & operis, in modum tunicalis quo induuntur subdiaconi ad missam, nec non & socco prorsus eiusdem coloris, & operis, qui est factus fere in modum cappae sericae absque caparone. Quae omnia abbas Sancti Dionysii in Francia de monasterio suo debet Remis apportare, & stans ad altare custodire.” (1200 ca. Ms Latina 1246, ex Regius 4464, B.N. Paris (Pin. 467-468))

We can gather from this that the coronation dress consisted of a crown and sword, spurs, a sceptre and blue shoes and dalmatica strewn with golden fleurs de lys. This matches for example with the dresses of Roger II and William II of Sicily which were also strewn with fleurs de lys

Seal of Majesty, 1209

The king on a lion throne with fleur de lys and sceptre of a fleur de lys withing  a diamond. Crown with three points

Legend: PHILIPPVS DEI GRA FRANCORVM REX. D.: 1209. Arch. Nat., Sceaux, D 39. 

Counter seal: Fleur de lys.

Référence

00000360

Fonds

SCEAUX

Série

sceaux ; collection des Archives nationales dite Douët d'Arcq

Cote

SC/D157

Analyse

Moulage du premier sceau de Philippe II Auguste, roi de France.

Légende en latin : „philippus dei gracia francorum rex.

Dates

1180-01-01, 1180-12-31 

Support

plâtre pris sur cire originale

Forme

rond, diamètre 75 mm

Grant of a secret gate in the walls of Paris to Saint Germain des Prés Abbey by Philippe Auguste II, 1209

Archives Nationales AE/II/20

Seal: As before.

In sculpture some statues appeared in the thirteenth century of a king resembling Philip Augustus.

Statue, perhaps of Philip Augustus.

Alias Karloman

Basilique St. Denis

This statue/tomb was placed  between the pillars of the south side of the transept by order of St. Louis between 1263 and 1264. Recently the sceptre has been replaced.

One of the three magicians

Amiens Cathedral, Portal of the Virgin , ~1230

Probably a posthumous portrait of Philip Augustus. On his right side a statue resembling Louis VII. On his left side another bearded king.

Louis VIII, le Lion / Coeur de Lion

*1187-†1226

King of France 1223 – 1226

Equestrian seal of Louis VIII:

Arms: Strewn with fleurs de lis.

Legend: X sigillvm lvdovici filii regis francie. D.: 1211.

In 1211 Louis VIII was count of Artois.

Painted glass in the choir of  Chartres Cathedral 1225 ca

Arms: Azure, strewn with fleurs de lis Or.

Banner: Of the arms.

Seal of Majesty, 1223-1226

The king on a lion throne with fleur de lys and lily sceptre of a fleur de lys enclosed by a diamond. On his head a crown with three leaves/fleurs de lys 

Legend.: lvdovicvs di gra francorvm rex.

Counter seal:  Shield strewn with fleurs de lys. (Fox-D. 200).

LouisIX le Saint

*1215-†1270

King of France 1226 – 1270

1240 Seal of majesty

The king on the lion throne, in his right a lily and in his left a lily sceptre On his head a crown wth three leves and two points. Mantle with a bordure of lilies enclosed with diamonds.

Legend: lvdovicus di gra francorvm rex. D.: 1240. (Pin. 454)

Louis IX the Saint

In: Psalter of Louis the Saint, 1253

BNF Lat10525 fol 73 (detail)  [i]

2nd seal of majesty, 1258

The king on a lion throne with fleur de lys and lily sceptre. On his head a crown with three leaves/fleurs de lys  and two points. Cloak with a bordure of diamonds enclosing fleurs de lys.

Legend: lvdovicus di gra francorvm rex.

Statue of Louis IX

In the Sainte Chapelle, Paris

PhilippeIII the Bold

*1245-†1285

1270-1285

¥ Isabelle d’Aragon *1247-†1271

Photo H.d.V.

Margaret of Provence and young Philip III in ~ 1250

Alias Virgin Mary and little Jesus

Reims Cathedral, north-side

Equestrian seal of Philip, the eldest son of  Louis the Saint.

The horse-cloth and the shield strewn with fleurs de lis

L.: X sigillvm philippi  dni regis francorvm primogenit

Rules for the coronation of Philip III:

Postmodum jam antea preparatis et positis super altare corona regia, gladio in vagina incluso, calcaribus aureis, sceptro deaurato et virga ad mensuram unius cubitii vel amplius habente desuper manum eburne­am; item caligis sericis et iacintinis intextis per totum liliis aureis, et tunica ejusdem coloris et operis, in modum tunicalis quo induuntur subdiaconi ad missam; necnon et socco prorsus ejusdem coloris et operis, qui est factus fere in modum cape serice absque caparopne, que omnia abbas Sancti Dyonisii in Francia de monasterio suo debet Remis asportare, et stans ad (= incontinenter) altare custodire.[ii]

Which is in french:

“Entre ce l’en doit auoir appareillé & mis sus l’autel la couronne du roy, & l’espé & mise dedans son feurre, ses esperons d’or, son ceptre d’or, & sa verge à la mesure d’vn coude ou de plus, quit ara au dessus vne main d’yvoire. Item les chausses de soye de couleur violette brodées ou tissuës de fleurs de lys d’or : & la cote de ceste couleur & de ceste oeuure mesme, faicte en maniere de tunique dont les soubsdiacres sont vestus à la messe : & auec ce sercot quit doit estre du tout en tout de celle masme couleur, & de celuy mesme oeuure, & si est faict en maniere à bien prés d’vne chappe de soye sans chapperon. Toutes lesquelles deuandictes, ‘abbé de Sainct Denys en France doit apporter de son monstier à Reins, & doit estre à l’autiel & les garder. Le roy sera à l’autiel en estat, & despoüillera sa robe, fors sa cotte de soye, & sa chemise qui seront ouuertes bien aual deuant & derriere, c’est à scauoir au pis & entre les espaules, & les ouuertures de la cotte seront `a la fois recloses & reiontes auec estaches d’argent.”

The anointment done, and the overtures closed the chamberlain of France

“le doit vestir de la deuant dite cotte de léuure & de la couleur deuisée cy dessus, & l’abbé de S. Denys la doit bailler à iceluy chambrier; & aussi le doit le dict chambrier vestir par dessus du deuant dict surcot en telle maniere que il doit auoir la dextre main deliurée deuers l’ouuerture du surcot, & sus la senestre main doibt estre leué le surcot ainsi comme la chasuble d’vn prebstre”.

The king receives the sceptre and the staff, the crown and the ring.

“La royne (= queen)... doit estre vestuë de soye” and receives “vn petit ceptre d’autre maniere que le ceptre du roy”, “vne verge semblant  à la verge royale” and the crown. [iii]

Seal of Majesty, November 1270

The king on a lion throne with fleur de lys and lily sceptre and crowned with a crown of three leaves

Legend:  X philippvs dei gracia francorvm rex. (Par. A.N. J. 727 A n  52).

Cote

AE/II/277

Analyse

Au camp devant Carthage, en septembre 1270, Philippe III le Hardi augmente un legs fait par feu son père Louis IX à Pierre de La Broce, chambellan Charte en latin avec un sceau de cire jaune rond, pendant sur double queue de parchemin de (Philippe le Hardi).

Date

1270-09

Noms de lieux

Carthage (Tunisie) ; Tunisie

Statue of Philip III the Bold

alias Childebert (Musée du Louvre)

Île-de-France

Le roi Childebert, fondateur de l'abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés

entre 1239 et 1244

Provenant du trumeau de la porte du réfectoire de l'abbaye bénédictine de Saint-Germain- des-Prés à Paris

Pierre calcaire, restes de polychromie

H. : 1,91 m. ; L. : 0,53 m. ; Pr. : 0,55 m.

Versement de l'Ecole des beaux-arts, 1851, 1851 M.L. 93

Sculptures: Aile Richelieu. Rez-de-chaussée; Chartres; Salle 4

Fragment of a statue representing the head of a king

Auteur: anonyme

Ecole: Nord de la France 

Période: 2e quart 13e siècle

Domaine: sculpture

Dénomination: statue ; fragment

Représentation: figure (roi, tête)

Précisions concernant la représentation : Le fragment représente une tête de roi, portant une couronne. Le personnage porte une moustache et une barbe finement sculptée, et une longue chevelure.

Technique: pierre

Dimensions: H. 25, l. 19, P. 17

Datation: 1225 entre ; 1250 et

Genèse: Saint-Omer (abbaye, provenance) ; oeuvre en rapport

Découverte: Saint-Omer (abbaye, provenance, découverte fortuite)

Précisions concernant la découverte: Trouvé à l’emplacement de l’ancienne abbaye de Saint-Bertin à Saint-Omer

Localisation: Saint-Omer, musée de l’hôtel Sandelin

Statut: propriété de la commune ; don ; Saint-Omer ; musée de l’hôtel Sandelin

Date d’acquisition: 1834 acquis

Inventaire: 1998 ?

Anciennes appartenances: M. Gentilhomme

Expositions: Cathédrales, 1962, Paris, Musée du Louvre, nº 59 ; Trésors de l’abbaye de Saint-Bertin, Saint-Omer, musée de l’hôtel Sandelin (sans numéro) ; Sculptures romanes et gothiques du Nord de la France, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lille, 1978-1979, nº 50

Photographie: © cliché musée, YB/M3C

Commentaire: Quelques éclats anciens. Bon état de conservation général. Nécessite un dépoussiérage.

Musée de l’hôtel Sandelin  St. Omer

* This head can be compared with the seal of majesty of Philip III of 1270. There is a great resemblamce of hair style especially of the waves and the hanging of the hair. There is also a  resmblance of the eye sockets.

When Philip III is represented in fact, the piece dates from the third quarter and not from the second quarter of the 13th century.

Philippe IV, the Fair

1268-†1314

1285-1314

Isabelle of Aragon and young Philip IV in ~ 1271 or later

Alias The Virgin Mary and Christ

Notre Dame de la Belle Verriere

Cathedrale Notre Dame, Chartres (Eure)

Tomb of Isabelle d’Aragon (†1271) in St Denis, 1271

Référence

00000361

Fonds

SCEAUX

Série

sceaux ; collection des Archives nationales dite Douët d’Arcq

Cote

SC/D47

Analyse

Moulage du premier sceau de Philippe IV le Bel, roi de France

Légende: “PHILIPPUS DEI GRACIA FRANCORUM REX”,

Dates

1286-01-01 /  1286-12-31

Accès

moulage consultable au service des sceaux

Reproduction

reproduction du moulage possible par le service des sceaux;

Support

plâtre pris sur cire originale

Forme

Æ 8 mm

Statue of Philip IV, the Fair,  ~1300

alias St. Louis

Musée de Cluny, Paris

Philip the Fair at his exhumation on 19 October 1793.

Sceptre from the tomb of Philip IV, the Fair. At the opening of the tomb in St. Denis on 19 October 1793 by the revolutionairies “a golden ring was found, a gilded copper sceptre of five feet long, ending in a bunch of leaves on which was a bird, also of gilded copper”. On the 23rd following ‘a crown and a sceptre crested with a gilded copper bird’ was found in the tomb of Philip VI of Valois (†1350).

Some sketches were made hastily by Alexandre Lenoir nowadays in his inheritance of which photographies were made later collected by notary Maurice Pascal: Les corps des rois de France Louis VIII, Henri IV, Louis XV, Turenne, 1793, basilique de Saint Denis, s.l.s.d. (Paris, ca. 1890?). In: Bibl. Nat. Estampes, Pe 103/4°. The sceptre with the bird of Philip the Fair on the first photograph under the corpse of Louis VIII^. [iv]

Louis X, the Stubborn

1314-1316

Legend: LUDOVICUS DEI GRACIA FRANCORUM ET NAVARRE REX

The same, the main de justice in a different position

Legend: the same

John I

*†1316

1316

Funeral processison of King John I, 1316

Philip V, the Tall

1316-1322

Seal of Philip V, 1318

The king with crown, lily staff and main de justice, seated on the lion throne before a drapery [Azure] strewn with fleurs de lys [Or] within a fretty

Legend: PHILIPPUS DEI GRACIA FRANCORVM ET NAVARRE REX

Cote

AE/II/325

Analyse

Ordonnance de Philippe le Long du 24 février 1318 sur la fabrication et l’exportation des draps et tissus en Languedoc. Cette grande charte en latin est scellée du sceau royal pendant sur flot de soie rouge et verte.

Date

1318-02-24

Noms de lieux

Languedoc (France – province) – XIVe siècle

Charles IV the Fair

1322-1328

Seal of Charles the Fair

The same, the drapery omitted

Legend: KAROLVS DEI GRACIEFRANCORVM  ET NAVARRE REX

House of Valois

Philip VI

1328-1350

Seal of Philip VI, 1328

The king with crown, lily staff and main de justice, seated on the lion throne before a drapery [Azure] strewn with fleurs de lys [Or] within a fretty

Legend: PHILIPPUS DEI GRACIA FRANCORVM REX

John II, the Good

*1319-†1364

1350-1364

Coronation of John II

Seal of John II the Good

The king seated under a ciborium, crowned and with a lily-staff and a manin de justice, his throne supported by eagles and lions.

Legend: IOHANNES DEI GRACIA FRANCORVM REX

Portrait of John II te Good, 14th cent.

Legend: Jehan rey de france

Musée du Louvre (dépôt de la BnF), Paris (France) Inv. Nr 2490

Charles V, the Wise 

*1337-†1380

1364-1380

Seal of majesty of Charles V

The king crowned, sitting on a dolphin-throne, in his dexter a sceptre and in his sinister a main de justice. Two lions at his feet.

Legend: karolvs dei gratia francorvm rex.

1370 Charles V gives the Constable’s sword to Bertand du Guesclin  (1320-‘80)

By Jean Fouquet (1420-’80)

On this pircture the cape ermine appears for the first time.  However, we may not be sure if that was introduced by Charles V because the picture is not contemporary with him but was made in the 15th century (but before the marriage of Charles VIII and Anne of Bretagne in 1491)

King Charles V gives a banquet for King Charles IV of Bohemia and his son, 1379

Grandes Chroniques de France. BNP

Statue of Charles V on his tomb

By André Beauneveu, 1364. Basilique St. Denis

The statue was ordered by Charles V in 1364. Probably the statue was originally crowned with a golden crown which was removed and placed in the royal treasury later.

Charles VI, the Well Beloved (also: The Mad)

1380-1422

Coronation of Charles VI, 1380

Charles VI (1384-’86)

Palace of Jean I, duc de Berry, now Palace of Justice, Poitiers

The right hand probably broken off and mounted upside down.

France divided 1422-1461

The House of Lancaster

Henri I (VI)

*1421-†1471

King of France & England 1422-1461

Henry VI of England

Anonym. National Portrait Gallery, acquired 1930.

Seal of Majesty, 1423-1440

The king on his throne between:

Arms:  1. France. Crown: 3 fleurs de lys

2. ¼ of France and Engeland.

And two lions couchant guardant at his feet

Legend: HENRICUS D.G. FRANCORUM ET ANGLIE REX.

John, duke of Bedford

John of Bedford returned to France in 1427. The arrival on the scene of Joan of Arc breathed new life into the French, Joan forced him to raise his siege of Orléans in April 1429, which marked the turning point of the war. She then marched through the Loire Valley liberating towns held by the English. Bedford sent reinforcements which were annihilated at Patay. Joan accompanied Charles VII to Rheims for his coronation and Bedford consequently strengthened his forces in Paris. He led an army out of Paris in early August of 1429 and sent an angry and insulting letter to Charles:-

"Charles of Valois, who styled yourself Dauphin, and now without cause call yourself King .You seduce and abuse the ignorant and rely upon the assistance of the superstitious and reprobate, and even of that deranged and infamous woman who goes about in men's clothes and is of dissolute conduct.'

Joan of Arc was eventually captured by the English and in 1431, Bedford had her tried and executed, Joan was burned at the stake as a witch at Rouen, he then went on to arrange the coronation of his young nephew Henry VI as King of France which took place in Paris.

The House of Valois

CharlesVII, le Victorieux

*1403-†1461

1422-1461

Jeanne d’Arc

†1431

Posthumous portrait of Joan of Arc 2nd half 15th cent.

Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490  [v]

Foto H.d.V.  august 2004

Statue of Charles VII at the Porte St. Jacques in Bordeaux.

The statue likeley dates from the 19th century when te gate was restored.

Charles VII

By Jean Fouquet, ~1450

Louis XI

*1423-†1483

1461-1483

Margaret of Scotland ¥1436, †1445

Charlotte of Savoy ¥ 1451/ queen 1461- †1483

Louis XI and Charlotte of Savoy

Musée du Louvre

Louis XI keeps a model of the Basilique de Notre Dame de Cléry in Cléry Saint André (Loiret) which he reconstructed between 1449-’85 and where he and his wife were buried. A new monument was erected for him there in the 19th century.

Louis XI at an older age

Painter  and location unknown

CharlesVIII

*1470-†1498

1483-1498

¥ 1491 Anne de Bretagne

Son of Louis XI and Charlotte

Charles VIII by Andrea Solario (1460-1524)

Charles VIII at the chapter of te Order of St,. Michael

His cloak parted per pale of France and Bretagne dating the picture between 1491-1498.

Charles VIII in court

Mémoire établissant les droits de Louis XI sur le duché de Bourgogne, France, end of 15th cent.

Paris, BnF, département des Manuscrits, Français 5079, fol. 1

This judgement-scene takes place below a shelter of flamboyant gothic style, decorated with statuettes. The king is sitting on a throne in the middle, his feet resting on a lion, symbol of force and justice In thecentral register the four virtues accompany him. On the left Righteousness keeps a square and Reason a chalice. From their arms hang the coats of arms of Franche Comté and the Duchy of Burgundy. On the right Justice keeps a balance and Truth an open book.

Louis XII

*1462-†1515

King of France 1498-1515

King of Sicily-Naples 1501-1504

Louis XII of France Kneeling in Prayer,

Accompanied by Saints Michael, Charlemagne, Louis and Denis'

Jean Bourdichon (1457-1521). France, 1498/9.

Tempera and gold on parchment. 15.7 Î 24.3 cm.

Coll.: The J. Paul Getty Museum

This portrait of Louis XII (1462-1515) would have opened his book of hours. Originally, it was the right half of a two-page opening that showed Louis kneeling in veneration opposite a miniature (now lost) of the Virgin and Child, or the Pietà (the Virgin with the dead Christ on her lap). The recently crowned king appears in parade armour. His portrait reflects an official likeness, probably originated by Bourdichon.

Statue of Louis XII. ~1500

Private property [vi]

The king crowned wearing a blue mantle strewn with golden fleurs de lys and with a bordure of golden embroidery. On his shoulders a cape and the collar and cross of the Order of Saint Michel.

François I

*1494-†1547

Dauphin et Duc de Valois 1498

Duc de Bretagne 1514

Roi de France 1515

Duc de Milan 1515-1522

Francis I in court

François I^er par Jean Clouet le Jeune, ca. 1530

[Original seal of King Philippe V the Tall

The King of France, Philippe V, the Tall, was born as the third son of Philippe IV. According to the different sources, he was born in Navarra either in 1291, 1293 or 1294. He died in 1312. During his reign (1316-1322) he tried to reform the state's administration and standardise weights and measures. He also united Flanders with France.

Very probably it remains unknown how the Tolls (Kukruse) acquired the original wax seal of Philippe V for their collection of seals. In the Estonian Historical Archives, there are not any original letters written by the French kings from the time before Napoleon came into power.

EAA 2069-5-17   Estonian Historical Archives.] [vii]

Æ This is the seal of Francis I. The legend reads: S. FRĀCISCUS DEI GRATIA FRANCORUM REX ....

François II

*1544-† 1560

King of England and Scotland 1558

King of France 1559

Francois II and Mary Stewart, Queen of Scotland, his wife, ~1558.

This is a double portrait of Mary and her first husband, François. It was made during their brief reign as king and queen of France. The portrait was made for Catherine de Medici's Book of Hours.

Référence

00000362

Fonds

SCEAUX

Série

sceaux ; collection des Archives nationales dite Douët d'Arcq

Cote

SC/D100

Analyse

Moulage du sceau de François II et Marie Stuart, roi et reine de France. Légende restituée en latin: "FRANCISCUS ET MARIA DEI GRACIA REGES FRANCORUM, SCOTIAE, ANGLIAE ET HIBERNIAE",

Dates

1559-01-01, 1559-12-31 

Support

plâtre pris sur cire originale

Forme

rond, Æ 95 mm

Henri III

1574-1589

Henri III

Musée du Louvre

Part 3

Republic and end of the Monarchy