England
15th and 16th centuries
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House of
Lancaster |
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Henry IV |
1399-1413 |
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The ampulla, representing an eagle, after
having been lost for a time, was again used at the coronation of Henry IV
(1399.10.13)
Seal of Majesty and Equestrian seal of Henry IV. Sandford p. 238 The king with
crown, sceptre and crossed orb, at his feet two lions sejant guardant Arms: ¼ France &
England. Supported
by a tree with a bird in top, at the base a greyhound. In base
a seraph L.: Two
crowns HENRICUS DEI GRACIA REX FRANCIE AT ANGLIE ET DNS HIBERNIE
Equestrian seal of Henry IV. Arms: ¼ of
France (ancient) and Plantagenet for England Crest:
Ducal hat with crowned lion statant guardant L.: Pointing hand and
two crowns HENRICUS DEI GRACIA REX FRANCIE ET ANGLIE ET DNS HIBERNIE
Mannequin of the arms of England Armorial
de l'Europe et de la Toison d'or.[1] The Royal Arms remained with the quarters of
France strewn with fleurs de lys until 1411, when upon the second Great Seal
of Henry IV. the fleurs-de-lis in England (as in France) were reduced to
three in number, and so remained as part of the Royal Arms of this country
until the latter part of the reign of George III. 1408 Title on his 2nd seal from 1408: dei gr. rex anglie et francie et dominus hibernie. |
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Henry V |
1413-1422 |
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Seal of majesty of Henry V Sandford p. 239 The king, crowned
and with lily sceptre and orb with cross. Between his brothers Thomas (*1388)
and John (*1389) On the balcony: the Virgin Mary with child between his father (Henry IV) and his mother Mary
Bohun (†1394). In the field:
Equestrian seal
of Henry V Sandford p. 239 Arms: ¼ of
France modern and England Crest:
Ducal hat with crowned lion statant guardant |
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Henry VI |
*1421-†1461 1422-1461 ∞ 1445 Margareth of Anjou
†1482 |
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Seal and counterseal of Henry VI Sandford p. 240 The king, crowned and with lily-sceptre and
main de justice, two lions at his feet Arms:
France Modern and ¼ of France modern and Plantagenet. L.: HENRICVS DEI
GRACIA FRANCORVM ET ANGLIE REX On the counterseal: Alliance: France Modern and ¼ of France
modern and Plantagenet supported by an angel with sceptre and
main-de-justice.
Royal arms of England, 1440 ca Arms: ¼ of France modern and Plantagenet. Crest: On a helmet lambrquined ermine, a
ducal hat crested with a lion passant guardant Or. (Bergshammer fol. 2v n° 6 met rode helmkleden id. fol 134r° n° 1903 |
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House of York |
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Edward IV |
*1442-†1483 1461-1470 Kight of the Fleece. n° 65, Brugge 1468 |
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Edward IV on horseback With a fictitious
coat of arms Arms: ¼: 1&4: France (modern) and England; 2&3:
Castile & Leon; and over all Brutus (Azure, three crowns Or per bend) Crown: A crown of five
hoops crested with a cross. This crown is
contemporary with the crown of Emperor Frederick III as painted on a
representation of his coronation in 1452. From: Chronicle of the History of the
World from
Creation to Woden, with a Genealogy of Edward IV (The Edward IV Roll) . England, after June 1461 (Edward IV's
coronation) and before May 1464 (his marriage), probably c. 1461 Edward IV on horseback; Christ in Majesty;
the Fall of Man (partial). This eighteen-foot-long roll consists of eleven
vellum membranes glued together. Probably created to commemorate Edward IV's
coronation in June 1461, it was a powerful statement of his urgently needed
legitimacy and authority and claim to the throne representing 54 coats of
arms of his ancestors The Free Library
of Philadelphia, Rare Book Department, Lewis E 201 https://libwww.freelibrary.org/digital/feature/medieval-edward-manuscript/ Also: http://wappenwiki.org/index.php/Edward_IV_Roll
Great seal of Edward
IV Sandford p. 353 Coats of arms,
roses and suns. There are a large number of
roses and suns on the Edward IV Roll
Equestrian seal of Edward IV Sandford p. 353 The king on horseback. the field strrewn with
roses and suns Arms: ¼ of
France and England. Crest.: A
lion statant. L.: X edWardus { dei {
grACIA {
rex {
anglie { et
{
francie { et
{
dominus {
hibernie
Stall plate of Edward IV Rijksmuseum,
Amsterdam. Arms: ¼ France and England. H.: Een
gekroonde hertogshoed waarop een zittende gekroonde leeuw. O.: G.V. L.: Treshault &t
Trespuissant Prince Edouard Par la Grace de dieu Roy dengletre et Seignr De
yrlande. |
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House of Lancaster |
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Henry VI |
*1442- 2nd time 1470-1471 |
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Golden salut,
from Rouen. The arms of FRance
an England in Alliance |
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House of York |
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Edward IV |
2nd time 1471-1483 |
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Rose noble of Edward IV Ship with armed
man, the hull ensigned with a rose Arms of England |
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Edward V |
*1470-†1483 Prince of Wales 1470-1483 K.G. 214, 1475 King 1483 |
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Is said to have used the seal of his father
Arms of Edward V, from one of the
manuscripts of Edward IV. A detail from File:BL Royal Vincent of Beauvais.jpg, Bruges, c. 1478-1480, Royal 14 E. i, vol. 1,
f. 3r[2] * The arms are
thought to be of Edward IV who is not on the list of Knights of the Garter
and therefore here is opted for his son who was. 214 (app 1475) Edward (Plantagenet)
PRINCE OF WALES. Afterwards EDWARD V, King of England. Murdered with his
brother Richard, Duke of York, in the Tower of London. Disappeared in the Tower of London, 1483 |
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Richard III |
*1452-†1485 K.G. 198, 1465 1483-1485 |
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The king seated with crown, sceptre and
crossed orb, two lions sejant guardant at his feet. On both sides his coat of
arms and below a rose and a sun.
Obverse and reverse of King Richard III’seal Sandford p. 354
Arms, Banner and flags of King Richard III From King Richard
III’s Book of Hours His banner parted per fess Gules and Azure,
in chif a white rose and in base a white hog, the badge of Richard. At the
mast a red cross on white |
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House of Tudor |
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Henry VII |
*1457-†1509 1485-1509 K.G. 236, 1488 |
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236 (invested 1488) John, 1st Viscount
Welles, Captain in the forces of his nephew, the Earl of Richmond, afterwards
Henry VII.
Henry used a crown imperial (arched over),
indicating that he ruled over the entire realm of England and Wales. Also on
the coat of arms are the white greyhound of Richmond, for his father, and the
red dragon of Cadwaladr.
Great seal of
Heny VII Sandford p. 426
Coat of arms of Henry VII with Order of the Garter
(founded 1348) Mille fleurs
tapestry, Banqueting Hall, Haddon
Hall. Bakewell, Derbyshire (detail) |
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Henry VIII |
1509-1547 K.G. 246, 1495 |
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246 (invested c.1495) Henry (Tudor), Duke of York. Created PRINCE OF WALES in 1502 on the death of his brother Arthur. Afterwards HENRY VIII, King of England.
In base a shield with a rose
In the field and on his horse clothes roses.
The legend completed with the words FIDEI DEFENSOR
Gold seal attached to a Confirmation of a peace
treaty 1527 This is the reverse side of the seal of
Henry, which shows the arms of England and France quarterly surrounded by the
collar of the Order of the Garter. The Latin motto surrounding it reads: “All
things are joined by order and stand firm by treaty”. In honour of their
renewed friendship both Kings were admitted to each others' orders of
chivalry - the Order of St. Michael (French) and the Order of Garter
(English).
Arms of King Henry VIII Detail of a Score
sheet of a jousting in 1520 (Soc. Antiqs. ms.
136, par 2, f. 1) Arms.: ¼
of France and Plantagenet; Crown:
Closed crown with red cap Order:
Collar of the Garter |
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Edward VI |
*1535-†1553 1547-1553 |
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L.: EDWARDS SEXTSDEI GRA
ĀGLIUEE FRANCIE ET HIBERNIE REX FIDEI DEFĒṼ SOR ET IN TERRA
ECCLESIE ĀGLICANE ET HIBERNICE SVPREMṼ CAPVT
Great seal of Edward VI Sandford P. 425
The royal coat of arms of Edward VI 1549 With closed
crown, motto and royal cypher on the wall of
Dargon at Snowshill Manor, Gloucestershire Changed the royal title from “Dominus
Hibernie” into “Hibernie Rex”.
Arms of Edward Seymour,1541 with garter and
closed crown[3] Arms: ¼ Frand &
England Order: Of tge Garter Motto: DIEU ET MON DROIT Edward VI was no knight of the Garder but the brother of his mother
was: 306 (invested 1541) Edward (Seymour), Earl of Hertford. Afterwards Duke of Somerset.
Brother of Queen Jane Seymour and Uncle of Edward VI, and Protector of
England during his minority. Took part in many military operations in
Scotland and France. Found guilty of conspiracy and beheaded. |
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House of
Suffolk |
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Jane |
1553 |
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Lady Jane Grey Reigned for nine
day and was executed
Arms: ¼: 1&4: Barry of
six Argent and Azure, three balls Gules in the first and a label of three
ermine (Grey); 2&3: Barry of 11 pieces Argent and Gules, a lion rampant
Or crowned Gules.(Brandon)
Virgin mourning for Lady Jane Royal arms and
regalia and personal arms of Jane Grey. Detail of an
engraving, 1748[4] This picture is a detail of an engraving coming from Wellcome Images,
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House of
Tudor |
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Mary |
1553-1558 ∞ Philip II King Consort 1554-1555 |
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331 (investment 1554) Philip, Prince of Spain. Afterwards Philip II, King of Spain. Married
Mary I, Queen of England. Duly elected a Knight of the Garter, but installed
as joint Sovereign and had no stall-plate.
l.: PHILP { ET { MARIA { D { G { REX { ET { REGINA { ANGL { HISPANIAR { FRANC { VTRVSQ { SICILIE { IERVSALEM { ET { HIB { DEFENSO~ SOR
Great seal of Mary and Philip II Sandford p. 429 L.: ARCHIDVCES { AVSTRIE { DVCES { BVRGVNDIE { MEDIOLANI { ET { BRABANCIE { COMITES { HAPSVRGI { FLANDIE { ET { TIROLIS
Arms of Philip and Mary Anonymus English
school Arms: Per pale: I: per
fess: the chief for Spain: ¼: 1&4 ½ of Castile and Leon; 2&3: Per pale
of Aragon and Sicily-Trinacria. The base for the Netherlands: ¼ of Austria, Burgundy modern, Burgundy ancient
and Brabant; and an escutcheon per pale of Flanders and Tirol,. II. ¼ of
France and England. Crown: A royal crown of
three hoops, crosses moline and fleurs de lys. Order: Strap of the
Garter (1554). |
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Eilzabeth I |
*1533-†1603 1558-1603 |
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As a woman Queen Elzabeth I could not be a
member of the Order of the Garter. Nevertheless the strap of the order is
around hte coat of arms.
Seal of majesty of Queen Elizabeth I Arms: ¼ of
France and England Crown:: Of
five hoops, crosses moline and fleurs de lys Order:
Strap of the Order of the Garter
Equestrian seal of Queen Elizabeth I Sandford p. 430 In the field the crowned emblems (badges) of
England (double rose), France (fleur de lys) , and Ireland (harp)
Half crown, 1598 |
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The Sceptre |
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Edward the Confessor with eagle sceptre, 1059 Such an eagle was on the sceptre until Edward
III.(1327) In the 16th and 17th centuries, scepters were
made with a white bird on it. This then took the form of a pigeon. The
scepters date resp. from the reign of Charles II (1660 after a model from the
time of the Tudors (1485-1603)) and from the time of James II (1685) The sceptre
is formed from a plain gold rod, in three sections, with enamelled and
gem-set collars at the intersections, surmounted by a gold monde, with an
applied silver zone and arc set with rose diamonds, and a gold cross
supporting an enamelled dove with outspread wings. The collars are mounted
variously with rose- and table-cut diamonds, step- and table-cut rubies,
emeralds, sapphires and spinels. At the base of the sceptre is a compressed
spherical pommel set with further rose-cut diamonds. The sceptre represents the sovereign's
spiritual role, with the dove representing the Holy Ghost. Traditionally it
has been known as 'the Rod of Equity and Mercy'. At the coronation of William
I (the Conqueror) in 1066, this role was emphasised in a contemporary
description: 'For by the sceptre uprisings in the kingdom are controlled and
the rod gathers and confines those men that stray'. The monarch's pastoral
care of his people is therefore bound up with this sceptre or rod.During the
coronation service the new sovereign is first anointed with holy oil, then
robed in coronation robes, and then invested with a number of ornaments
symbolising the chivalric and spiritual nature of kingship. These include the
spurs, swords and armills, followed by the orb, a ring and then the sceptres.
The sovereign is presented with two sceptres - one surmounted by a cross
representing temporal power and this one surmounted by a dove. After the
investiture the sovereign is then crowned. |
Provenance Supplied for the Coronation of Charles II in
1661 by the royal goldsmith, Robert Viner. |
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To: The Achievement To: United KingdomThe Royal
Arms |
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© Hubert de Vries 2019-05-02
Heraldry of the World
