ROMANIA
Part 1
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In the
Middle Ages, Romanians were divided among three distinct principalities:
Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania. The First Bulgarian Empire ruled over
most of the territory of present-day Romania from the 7th century to the
early 11th century. Later on, the Pechenegs occupied the steppes north of the
Black Sea (8th–12th century) and by the 10th century they were in control of all
the lands between the Don and lower Danube rivers. During the 11th and 12th
century, the nomadic confederacy of the Cumans and (Eastern) Kipchaks were
the dominant force over the vast territories stretching from as far as
present-day Kazakhstan, southern Russia, Ukraine, down to southern Moldavia
and western Wallachia After the
Magyar conquest (10-11th century), Transylvania had become an autonomous
voivodeship led by a voivode appointed by the King of Hungary until the 16th
century. Several Kings of Hungary invited settlers from Central and Western
Europe, such as the Saxons, to come to Transylvania and occupy the region. The
Szeklers were brought to southeastern Transylvania as border guards. Romanians
are mentioned by the Hungarian documents (township called Olahteluk) in the
13th century (1283) in Bihar County. The "land of Romanians"
(Terram Blacorum) appeared in Fogaras, and this area was mentioned under the
name "Olachi" in 1285. After the collapse of the Hungarian Kingdom
(following the disastrous Battle of Mohács, 1526) the region became the
independent Principality of Transylvania until 1711 By 1541,
the entire Balkan peninsula and most of Hungary became Ottoman provinces. In
contrast, Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania, came under Ottoman suzerainty,
but kept full internal autonomy and, until the 18th century, some external
independence. During this period, the Romanian lands were characterised by
some distinguished rulers like Vasile Lupu and Dimitrie Cantemir in Moldavia,
Matei Basarab and Constantin Brâncoveanu in Wallachia, and Gabriel Bethlen in
Transylvania. At that time the Russian Empire appeared to become the
political and military power which threatened the Romanian principalities. John II
Zapolya, (1540-’51), moved his royal court to Alba Iulia in Transylvania, and
after his abdication from the Hungarian throne, he became the first
"Prince of Transylvania". His Edict of Turda was the first decree
of religious freedom in the modern European history (1568). In the aftermath
Transylvania was ruled by mostly Calvinist Hungarian princes (until the end
of the 17th century), and Protestantism flourished in the region. After the
Ottoman Empire had been defeated by the Russians, it restored the Danube
ports of Turnu, Giurgiu and Braila to Wallachia and agreed to give up its
commercial monopoly and also recognized freedom of navigation on the Danube,
by Treaty of Adrianople (1829). Alongside with that, the political autonomy
of the Romanian principalities grew as their rulers were elected for life by
a Community Assembly which was made up of boyars, a method used to reduce
political instability and Ottoman intervantions. Following the war, Romanian
lands became under Russian occupation until 1834 under the governance of
General Pavel Kiselyov. During his rule local boyars enacted the first
Romanian constitution. As in
other European countries, 1848 brought up the revolution upon Moldavia,
Wallachia and Transylvania. The goals of the revolutionaries - full
independence for Moldavia and Wallachia, and national emancipation in
Transylvania - remained unfulfilled, but were at the basis of the subsequent
revolutions. The uprising helped the population of all three principalities
recognise their unity of language and interests. After the
unsuccessful 1848 Revolution, the Great Powers rejected the Romanians'
expressed desire to officially unite in a single state, forcing the Romanians
to proceed alone their struggle against the Turks. Heavily taxed and badly
administered under the Ottoman Empire, in 1859, people's representatives in
both Moldavia and Wallachia each elected the same "Domnitor"
(ruling Prince of the Romanians) Alexandru Ioan Cuza. Thus,
Romania was created as a personal union albeit that it did not include
Transylvania, where the upper class and the aristocracy remained mainly
Hungarian, although Romanian nationalist spirit inevitably ran up against the
Hungarian nationalism at the end of the 19th century. As in the previous 900
years, Austria-Hungary, especially under the Dual Monarchy of 1867, kept the
territory firmly in control, even in parts of Transylvania where Romanians
constituted a vast majority. In a 1866
coup d'état, Cuza was exiled and replaced by Prince Charles of
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who was appointed Domnitor (Ruling Prince) of the United Principality of Romania,
as Prince Carol of Romania. Romania
declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire after the Russo-Turkish
War, 1877-78 in which it fought on the Russian side. In the
1878 Treaty of Berlin, Romania was finally officially recognized as an
independent state by the Great Powers. In return, Romania ceded the district
of Bessarabia to Russia "in exchange" for the
access to the ports on the Black Sea shore, and acquired Dobruja. |
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Sigismund Bathory |
*1572-†1613 Voivode 11.05.1581-1586 Prince of Transilvania 1586-1597 Prince of Valachia 20.05.1595 Prince of Moldavia 03.06.1595 Knight of the Fleece n° 284,
1596 Prince of Transilvania 1598 - 1599 1601 - 26.07.1602 |
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In 1595,
at Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia), Sigismund Báthory signed a treaty with Michael
the Brave, the Voivod of Wallachia, in which Wallachia came under sovereignty
of Transylvania, requiring Sigismund to send Michael the Brave an aid for
fighting the Ottomans. On August
13, 1595 at the Battle of Călugăreni near the Neajlov river,
Michael defeated a Turkish army led by Sinan Pasha. Despite the victory
Michael, having too few troops to continue the war, retreated toward
Transylvania. Joining Sigismund Báthory's army led by István Bocskay, they
liberated Târgovişte (8 October 1595), Bucharest (12 October 1595) and
Brăila. Wallachia was liberated on 29 October 1595. In April
1598 Sigismund resigned as Prince of Transylvania in favor of Emperor Rudolf,
in exchange for the duchy of Opole in Silesia. As Duke of Opole he also was a
Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. He reversed his decision in October 1598,
and then resigned again in favor of Cardinal Andrew Báthory, his cousin. This
allowed Transylvania to fall under the influence of the King of Poland.
Michael the Brave reestablished an alliance with Emperor Rudolf, began a
campaign against Andrew on 5 October 1599, and became Prince of Transylvania
in November 1599, while the Habsburg general Giorgio Basta entered
Transylvania from the west at the same time. In 1600,
however, Sigismund at the head of an army of Poles and Cossacks, attempted to
recover his throne again, but was routed by Michael the Brave, voivode of
Moldavia and Wallachia, at Suceava. In February 1601 the diet of Kolozsvár
(Cluj) reinstated him, but again he was driven out, after the Battle of
Goroszló, by Michael the Brave and general Giorgio Basta, never to return.
The arms of
Moldavia, Transilvania and Wallachia and the personal arms of Sigismund Bathory and his wife Mary of
Austria Sammlung von
wappen aus verschiedenen besonders deutschen ländern by Joannis Zamoschi,
chancellor Ca. 1600. BSB Cod. icon. 307. Fol. 227 (detail) Sigismund Bathory was the first who united the arms
of Moldavia, Wallachia andTransilvania on one shield.
Print of the
seal of Sigismund Bathory, 1595 (the original stamp in the National Museum of Budapest) Seal: Four coats of arms: In chief: The Empire,
charged with Báthory; in base: Moldavia; on the dexter: per fess, the chief
of the Székely Nation, the base of the Saxon Nation; on the sinister: per
fess the chief of Wallachia, the base of Nova Plantatio. Legend: sig d.g. tra. mol.val. tra. et sac . rom . imp . prin . par . rechvn . dom . sic com . 1595
The arms of Sigismund Bathory as a Knight of the
Fleece [1] The arms
of Sigismund Báthory is described by Johan Chiflet in 1632. The blazoning
reads: CCLXV Hault & Puissant Prince, Sigismond Bathory Prince de Transylvanie Portoit de l’Empire;
l’aigle chargé sur l’aile droicte d’un R, sur la senestre d’un A; sur la
queüe, d’un autre A, tous trois d’or: Sur la poictrine d’un escusson
éscartelé: Transilvanie: Au I. D’or, a un aigle naissant, de sable; la teste
costoyée, a droitte, d’un croissant tourné d’or, a
gauche d’un estoille a six poinctes, de mesmes; soustenu de gueulles, a sept montagnes
d’argent, sommées d’autant de chasteaux de mesmes. ...... Au II d’argent, a
unde teste de bufle affrontée, de sable; au canton dextre du chef, un croissant d’or;
au senestre, une etoille de mesmes. Corvin Au III, d’or, a un
corbeau contourné, de sable, la teste retournée a dextre; tenent au bec une double croix de
gueulles, au pied long, mis en bande. ...... Au IV d’argent, a
un arbre de sinople, au fruicts d’or, tenu de deux Turcs, vestus de gueulles, au
turbans d’or; au canton dextre du chef, un croissant; au senestre, une
estoille comme dessus. Bathory Sur le tout, de gueulles, a un machoire de loup contournée,
d’argent. Heaume couronné d’or a raions, a un hault fleuron sur le devant. Timbre: un vol adossé,
de sable, l’aile droicte chargée d’une R, senestre d’un A d’Or; entre les
deux, un autre A, de mesmes, sur le fleuron de la Couronne. Hachements
d’or et de sable. [2] Æ A modern rendering (2001) by Tudor-Radu Tiron in the head of this article |
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Andreas Bathory |
† 31.X.1599 Prince of Transilvania 21.III.1599 |
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Arms of Andrew Báthory 1599 Arms: Quarterly: 1 Or, an eagle issuant Sable a
sun radiant and a crescent in chief (Hungarian and Székely Nation); 2. Gules,
seven towers Argent (Saxon Nation); 3. Argent, a bull’s head Sable, with a
five-pointed star between its horns Or (Moldavia); 4. Or, an eagle (alias raven) reguardant Sable, a latin
cross in its beak Or, in chief a sun radiant and a crescent of the last
(Walachia). Escutcheon: Báthori. Crown: A crown of three large and two smaller
leaves, over it a cardinal’s hat with 2´6 fiocchi
Gules. Supporters: Four cherubim í This picture is taken from Siebmachers
Wappenbuch. [3] For one reason or another
the authors consequently gave the arms of Transilvania the tinctures of the
arms as granted by Maria Theresia in 1765, i.e. per fess the chief Azure, an eagle Sable issuant from a
fess Gules and in chief a sun
radiant and a crescent Or, and in base Or,
seven towers Gules. As a result,
because Siebmacher is of great authority, the arms of Transilvania from the
period of the reign of Sigismund Báthori until the reign of Maria Theresia
are usually incorrectly represented now. Here, as
the writers apparently did not know about the arms of Sigismund as described
by Chiflet, also the arms of Moldavia and Walachia are incorrectly hatched. As he
retreated from the battle of Şelimbăr, Andrew Báthory was killed by
anti-Báthory Székely on 3 November near Sândominic and
Michael the Brave gave him a princely burial in the Roman Catholic
Cathedral of Gyulafehérvár. |
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Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul |
09/19.08.1601 Lord of Walachia
1593-1601 Lord of Transilvania
1599-1600 Lord of Moldavia 1600 |
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Emblem: The arms of Moldova supported by two
princes. In chief the Wallachian eagle between a sun and a crescent. In base
two lions supporting a sword upright (Kantakouzenos) standing on seven hills
symbolizing the Saxon nation. Legend: X NML BJE MLRDIE / X IO MIHAILI UGROVLAHISCOI VOEVOD ARDILSCOI
MOLD ZEMLI. (By the grace of God, I, Michael Voivod of
Wallachia, lord of Transilvania and Moldavia). |
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Radu Mihnea |
1616-1619 |
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The arms of
Walachia and Moldavia on the Tomb of Radu Mihnea |
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Antioh Cantemir |
1705-1707 |
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Phanariot Rulers |
1711-1859 |
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The
person raised to the office of Prince was usually the chief Dragoman of the Porte, and was
consequently well versed in contemporary politics and the statecraft of the
Ottoman government. The new
Prince, who obtained his office in exchange for a heavy bribe (not a new
requirement in itself), proceeded to the country which he was selected to
govern, and whose language he usually did not know. Once the new Princes were
appointed, they were escorted to Iași or Bucharest by retinues composed of
their families, favourites, and their creditors (from whom they had borrowed
the bribe funds). The Prince and his appointees counted on recouping these in
as short a time as possible and in collecting an amount sufficient to live on
after the termination of their brief time in office. Taking
the two principalities together, 31 princes from 11 different families ruled
during the Phanariote epoch. Many times they were exiled or even executed: of
these 31 princes, seven suffered a violent death, and a few were executed at
their own courts of Bucharest or Iași. In
the time of Phanariot rule several heraldic deveces were developed, all
displaying the buul’s head of Moldavia and the eagle of Walachia. These
emblems were represented free-standing, united in a shield or represented on
two shields in alliance. For
external ornaments were added a crown of crowns and the mace and sword of
Moldavia. Supporters
of the arms per pale or the arms in alliance are rare. Initialy we meet
angel-like creatures and by way of exeption angels. Later the arms in
alliance are suooirted by the russian eagle symbolizing quite literalle the
support of the Russian Empire of both principalities in their struggle with
the Porte. |
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Mihai
Racoviţa |
Lord of Moldavia 1703-1705; 1707-1709; 1715-1726 Lord of Walachia 1730-1731; 1741-1744 |
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Voievod Michael Racoviţă grants Sinai
monastery the privilege to take a
great amount of customs, 6 March 1731
Seal of Mihail
Racoviţa, 1741 [4] Bull’s head of
Moldavia, eagle with cross of Walachia, crown, sword and mace and hovering
angels. In base a tree supported by a man with a bow-and-arrow and a woman |
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Nicolae
Mavrocordat |
1st time 1709-1710 2nd time 1711-1715 |
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The arms
of Moldavia and Valachia in alliance Despre
datorii (about
debts), București, 1719 By: Nicolae Alexandru
Mavrocordat) |
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Grigore
II Ghica |
1735-1739 1739-1741 1747-1748 |
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12 martie 1734, Bucureşti. Grigore al II-lea
Ghica voievod acordă scutiri de dări mânăstirii Mărgineni
Liturghie (Liturgy), București, 1747 By Neofit, Episcopul
Râmnicului
Molitvenic, Iași, 1749 |
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Constantin Mavrocordat |
*1711-†1769 Prince of Wallachia
1731-33, 1735-41, 1744-’48, 1756, 1761-’63. Prince of Moldavia 1733-‘35, 1741-‘43,
1748-‘49, 1769. |
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Apostol, Buzău, 1743 (contributor: Neofit,
Episcopul Râmnicului)
Seal of Constantin Mavrocordat Similar to the seal
of Mihail Racoviţa 1741: Bull’s head of Moldavia, eagle with cross of
Walachia, crown, sword and mace and hovering angels. In base a tree supported
by a man with a bow-and-arrow and a woman |
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Johan Mavrocordat |
1743-1747 |
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Constantin
Racoviţa |
1749-1753; 1756-1757 |
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Ceaslov, Iași, 1750 (contribuitor: Nichifor
Peloponezianul, Mitropolit al Moldovei) |
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Russo-Turksh War |
1768-1774 |
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On
September 17, 1769 the Russians began their initial campaign over the
Dniester into Moldavia.They continued the advance south into Wallachia,
occupying its capital Bucharest on 17 Nov From the
capital of Bucharest the Russians fanned out through the principality, only
later being challenged by Grand Vizier Mehmed Emin Pasha at Kagul on 1
Aug 1770. A
ceasefire between Russia and the Ottoman Empire commenced on 30 May 1772, but
real negotiations did not begin until 8 August. On 20 June 1774 the Russian
army under the command of Alexander Suvorov managed to rout the Ottoman Army
near Kozludzha. Russia used this victory to force Turkey to acquiesce to
Russia’s preferences in the treaty of 1771. On 21
1774, the Ottoman Empire had to sign perforce the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca.
The treaty did not overtly take away vast territories from the Ottomans -
Poland had already paid the price of alienated territory. As a
consequence of the treaty, the Ottomans ceded the northwestern part of
Moldavia (later known as Bukovina) to the Habsburg Empire and the Russians
retreated from Modavia and Wallachia.
5 Kopek, 1771 Æ 43/46 mm, 41.15
g, bronze Obverse: bicephalic eagle of the Russian Empire, with
crowned heads and with crown above, holding a sword and a scepter in its
talons, standing on two shields bearing the Moldavian and Walachian coats of
arms, two horizontal lines and face value 5 KOPIEKI, in Cyrillic letters, below Latin
letter S (possibly from Sadagura) Reverse: a column, atop a crowned shield bearing the
monogram of empress Catherine II (the Great) of Russia, at left (picture position)
a drum, a spear, fasces atop (bundle of rods bound about an axe with
projecting blade) and three flags, a spear(?) at right, a horsetail and again
three flags, at the base of the column a Phrygian bonnet, year 1771
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Constantin Moruzi |
Lord
of Moldavia 1777-1782 |
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Penticostarion, București, 1800 By: Dositei Filitti,
Mitropolit al Ungrovlahiei
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Alexandru Ioan Mavrocordat |
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Constantin Moruzi |
Lord
of Moldavia 1777-1782 |
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Mihai I Suţu |
1793-1795 |
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Liturghie (Liturgy), Iași, 1794 By Iacob Stamati, Mitropolit
of Moldavia Alliance of Moldavia and Walachia. Crown, mace and
sword, armory |
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Alexandru Moruzi |
* 1750 - †1816 Lord in Moldavia:
1792-1793; 1802-1806; 1806-1807 Lord inȚara Românească: 1793-1796;
1799-1801 |
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Seal of Alexandru Moruzi, 1792 [5] The arms crowned and integrated of Moldavia and
Walachia and supported by a male and a female ruler. Legend and the emblems
of the Moldavian districts.
The arms of Moldavia and Walachia in alliance
supported by eagles On: Pravoslavnica învățătură (Orthodox teaching),
București, 1794 By: Dositei
Filitti, Mitropolit al Ungrovlahiei) |
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The achievements of Moldavia and Walachia in
alliance These are the achievements of state of Moldavia and Walachia.
Alexander Moruzi was never a prince of Moldavia and of Walachia at the same
time |
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Constantin Ypsilanti |
1799-1801 |
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Russian
occupation of Wallachia and Moldavia 1806-1812 |
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From
1806, during Russian occupation of the Principalities of Moldavia and
Wallachia, Russia encouraged their provisional union under Prince Constantine
Ypsilanti. Russia preferred their union for improved relations with
the Principalities and their formal union was planned for 1830. Ypsilantis'
plans were ruined by the peace of Tilsit and in 1807 he emigrated
with his family to Russia. |
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Eastern Moldavia
and Bessarabia annexed by Russia, 1812 |
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The arms of
Moldavia and Wallachia in alliance supported by the Russian Eagle From: Fotino, Dionisie: Istoria generală a Daciei. Wien, 1818-’19, Frontispiece |
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Alexandru Suţu |
Lord of Moldavia
28.06-10.07.1801; 19.09-01.10.1802 Lord of Țării Românești
20.06.-02.07.1802;13-30.08.1802 (caimacam)
12-24.08.1806; 03.15.10.1806 12.1806; 05-17 11.1818; 19-31.01.1821
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Alexander Suţu grants St Catherien Monastery
the vineyard of Soci and freedom of taxes Bucarest, 30 October 1819 Emblems
of Russia, Moldavia and Walachia. Lion and banners. |
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Russian occupation of Wallachia and
Moldavia 1828-1834 Joint Russian Ottoman Occupation of
Wallachia 1848-1851 Russian occupation of Wallachia and
Moldavia 1853-1854 Ottoman Occupation of Wallachia 1854 Austrian occupation of Wallachia
1854-1856 |
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Protectorate by Treaty of Paris 1856-1859 |
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Obv.: Arms of Moscow and Bucarest. L.: VOX POPULI VOX
DEI (TheVoice of the
People is the Voice of God), 1 & 9 October 1857 Rev.: Achievement of the United Pricipalities, the
arms of the Principalities in alliance. L.: DIEU PROTÉGE LA ROUMANIE
(God Bless Romania).
By Treaty
of Paris of 30 March 1856 Moldavia and Wallachia would stay
under nominal Ottoman rule, but would be granted independent constitutions
and national assemblies, which were to be monitored by the victorious powers.
A project of a referendum was to be set in place to monitor the will of the
peoples regarding unification. Moldavia received the south
of Bessarabia (Budjak), creating a buffer between the Ottoman
Empire and Russia in the west. Romania, which would later be formed from the
two territories, would largely remain an Ottoman puppet-state |
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Achievement in the head of the paper Zimbrul și
Vulturul (Bison and Eagle) of
11.12.1858 The
dolphins in the quarter for Moldavia, the bison and the eagle for supporters |
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01.1859-12.1861 |
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Alexandru Ioan Cuza |
1859 |
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Achievement of
the United Principalities in the time of Alexander Cuza Cozia Monastery |
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On his seal manufactured in Bucharest, 1859 the
legend: noi alecsandru joan 1 domn
principatelor unite moldova si terra romaneasca. (Min. Af. Ext. Arh. Ist. Vol. 118 bis, dos
3/Comisia Centrala de Focsani, f. 230) On a like seal manufactured in Iasi, 1859 the legend
reads: noi alecsandru joan i dom
principatelor unite moldova si valahia.
(Bibl. Acad RSR Cab. Num. inv. nr. M 3452.) |
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Arms: 1|2: 1. Tierced per
fess Gules, Or and Azure, a rising eagle Sable with a latin cross in its beak
Or; 2. Per fess Gules and Azure a bull’s head with a five pointed star
between its horn Argent. Crown: A princely crown Supporters: Two dolphins, heads in base proper and four
national flags in saltire Compartment: Two
cannon and branches of oak in saltire Motto: HONOR ET PATRIA in
white lettering on a ribbon Azure Mantle: Purpure fringed and
tasseled Or, lined ermine and princely crowned.
On
his seal manufactured in Iasi, 1859 the legend: noi alecsandru joan i dom principatelor
unite moldova si valahia. (Bibl. Acad RSR Cab. Num. inv. nr. M 3452.) On
his seal manufactured in Bucharest, 1859 the legend: noi alecsandru joan 1 domn principatelor
unite moldova si terra romaneasca. (Min. Af. Ext. Arh. Ist. Vol. 118 bis, dos 3/Comisia Centrala de
Focsani, f. 230) [6] |
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First
achievement of Alexandru Ioan Cuza after the union of the Principalities,
1859. Design of D. Pecurariu. Arms: 1|2 D.: ½ Azure and Or, a rising eagle Sable with a latin cross in
its beak Or over all; S.: ½ Gules and
Azure, a bull’s head Sable with a star between its horns Or over all, Crown.:
Een hertogskroon met omgeslagen hermelijnen rand. Supporters: Two dolphins, heads in base proper Mantle.: Purpere, fringed and tasseled Or, princely
crowned and upheld by two standards in
saltire the one on the dexter numbered ‘V’
crested with a laurel crown a
the eagle from the arms, the sinister mubered ‘XXX’, crested with a laurel
crown and the bull’s head from the arms.
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Alexandru
Ioan Cuza |
-1866 |
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Design for
an achievement of Romania (29´23 cm) Watercolor by Carol Popp de Szathmary, by appointment of the Princely Cabinet at Bucarest,
Oct. 1863. Muzeul Naţional de Artă al României –
BUCUREŞTI. Inv. nr. 29291/4694 Arms: ¼: 1&4 Azure, the
Aquila Walahica Or, in his claws a sword and a sceptre; 2&3 Gules, a
bull's head Or between its horns a 6-pointed star Argent; In fess point:
tierced per fess Gules, Or and Azure. Crown: A voivodal crown Order: The star of the
"Ordinului Unirii" (never founded) Supporters: Two
dolphins respecting, heads in base, ppr, and two Roman legionary standards, the
D. charged with the cypher "V" and the S. with the cypher
"XXIV" Or. Motto: toti in unum (All United) in black lettering on a ribbon Argent. Mantle: Purpure etc. with a
princely crown upheld by two Roman standards in saltire
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Carol I Hohenzollern |
22.V.1866-1881 Independent
1878 |
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Arms: ½: 1&3 Azure and
Or, the Aquila Walahica ppr, in sinister chief a sun Or; 2&3 Azure and
Gules, a bull's head ppr between its horns a mullet Argent; E.: Quarterly
Argent and Sable (Hohenzollern) Crown: A princely crown Supporters: D.:
A Dacian woman, vested white, in her right hand an "Arpi" (Dacian
dagger), ppr; S. a lion guardant ppr. Motto: nihil sine deo (Nothing Without God) in golden lettering on
a ribbon Azure. Mantle: Purpure etc, princely
crowned. By law of 30.03.1867. The Law
reads (Monitorul Oficial al
României, nr. 75 din 1867): Art. I. Armele Românieĭ se fixéză
după cum urméză: Art. II. Scutul are forma unuĭ pătrat lung: partea
inferióră rotund̗ită la ambele unghiurĭ și
terminată la mijlocul baseĭ printr'un vîrf. Scutul se împarte în
patru secțiunĭ, prin douĕ liniĭ încrucișate în
mijloc. În secțiunea din drépta sus, pe
albastru, în cea din stânga jos, pe galben, figuréză aquila romană
cu capul spre aripa stângă și cu o cruce de aur în gură,
simbolul Țăriĭ-românescĭ. În secțiunea din stânga, de sus, pe albastru, și în cea din drépta
în jos, pe roșu, figuréză capul de bour cu o stea între córne,
simbolul Moldoveĭ. În ambele secțiunĭ superióre ale scutuluĭ,
în stânga și în dreapta linieĭ despărțitóre,
figuréză sórele și luna. Pe scut va fi coróna regală. Art. III. În mijlocul scutuluĭ României figuréză
scutul M. S. Domnitorului, scartelat, avênd în secțiunea de sus din drépta și cea din jos din stânga în alb, iar cea
din stânga de sus și cea din drépta de jos în negru. Scutul are drept
suporțĭ: în stânga un leŭ, ér în drépta o femeiă în
costumul femeilor dace, care ține în mâna
stângă arma Dacilor, Art. IV.
Pe suporțĭ este așed̗ată o
eșarpă albastră, pe care este scrisă devisa familieĭ
Hohenzollern: Nihil Sine Deo. Art. V.
Pavilionul este de colóre roșie, căptușit cu hermină,
avênd d'asupra coróna regală. Art. VI. Drapelul Domnului ca și acela al armateĭ,
va avé dispuse colorile naționale în modul următor: albastru
perpendicular și alături cu hampa (lemnul stindarduluĭ),
galbenul în mijloc, roșul la margine flotând. În mijloc vor fi armele Țăriĭ. Art. VII. Drapelul guardeĭ orășenescĭ va
fi întocmaĭ ca al armateĭ, păstrând în locul armelor țăriĭ
însemnele orașuluĭ respectiv și No. legiuniĭ. Art. VIII. Drapelul autorităților
civile va fi ca cel al armateĭ, fără a purtà armele țăriĭ
în mijloc. Art. IX. Drapelul marineĭ de rĕsbel
va fi întocmaĭ ca cel al armateĭ, cu armele țăriĭ în
mijloc. Drapelul marineĭ de comerciŭ va fi întocmaĭ ca acel al
marineĭ de resbel, fără însă a purtà la mijloc armele țăriĭ. |
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On
the seal of Carol I the supporters
exchanged. L.: carol I prin gratia al
dumnezeu si prin vuinta nationala dom al romanilor.
Arms: ¼ 1. Azure, the Aquila Walahica
with sword and sceptre, Or, in dexter chief a sun radiant Or; 2. Gules, a
bull's head, between its horns a six-pointed star and in sinister chief a
crescent all Or; 3. Gules, a lion rampant issuant from a crown, in dexter
chief a six-pointed star Or; 4. Azure, two dolphins respecting heads in base
Or. And in fess point an escutceon quarterly Argent and Sable. Crown: A Royal crown Supporters: Two
lions coward ppr. Motto: Nihil sine deo in
golden lettering on a ribbon Azure. Mantle: Purpure etc. corwned
with a royal crown. By law of 08.03.1872 The law reads: |
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MONITORUL OFICIAL AL ROMÂNIEI No. 57 DIN 11/23 MARTIE
1872 Bucuresci, 10
Martie CAROL I-IU PRIN GRAȚIA LUI DUMNED̗EU
ȘI VOINȚA NAȚIONALĂ DOMN AL ROMÂNILOR La toți de față și viitori
sănătate Corpurile
Legiuitoare au votat și noi sancționăm ce urmead̗ă: L E G E PENTRU
MODIFICAREA ARMELOR ȚĂREI ——————
Art.
II. Scutul séu pavăd̗a are forma vechilor scuturi românesci, adică
a unui pătrat lung rotunjit la ambele unghiuri de jos
și terminat la mijlocul basei printr'un vêrf. Eară de la mijlocul
laturilor înălțimii, scutul se ascute și apoi cresce earăși
spre unghiurile de sus Linia
de sus a capului (chef) este ușor înălțată
în semicerc orizontal de la un unghiu spre cel-alt. Scutul
se împarte în patru secțiuni prin 2 linii încrucișate la mijloc. În
I-a secțiune din drépta de sus pe albastru
figuread̗ă aquila romană cu capul spre aripa dréptă, cu
uă cruce în gură, cu coróna Domnéscă sabia și toiagul,
simbolele principatului Țěrei-Românesci, tóte de aur. În drépta
aquilei sus un soare mișcând (mouvant) asemenea
de aur. În
a II-a secțiune din stênga de sus pe roșiu
figuread̗ă capu de bour cu uă stea cu 6 raze între coarne
simbolul principatului Moldovei, tóte de aur. În stânga bourului sus uă
lună mișcând (mouvant) asemenea de aur. În
a III-a secțiune din drépta de jos pe roșiu
figuread̗ă leul ridicat, coronat códa furcată (queue fourchée)
cu uă stea cu 6 raze între picióre și ieșind dintr'uă
corónă de Ban, tóte de aur; simbolul banatului Craiovei. În
a IV-a Secțiune din stânga de jos pe albastru
figuréd̗ă doi delfini, cap la cap și coadele depărtate în
sus, care sunt simbolul țěrmurilor Mării-Negre, tóte de aur.
Pe scut va fi coróna regală. Art.
III. În mijlocul scutului României figuréd̗ă scutul M. S.
Domnitorului, scartelat, având în secțiunea I-a sus
din drépta și în cea din jos din stânga alb (argint); eară în cea
din stânga de sus și în cea din drépta de jos negru (sable). Scutul
României are suporți 2 lei de culóre naturală privind
scutul și cu códele trecênd între picióre, Simbolul Daciei. Art.
IV. Sub suporți este așed̗ată
uă eșarpă albastră căptușită cu roșiu
pe care este scris cu aur devisa familiei Hohenzollern: Nihil Sine Deo. Art.
V. Pavilionul este de culóre purpuriă, căptușit cu
heruină (cacom) avênd d'asupra coróna regală. Art.
VI. Drapelul Domnului ca și acela al Armatei va avea dispuse culorile naționale
în modul următor: Albastru
perpendicular și alături cu hampa (lemnul stindardului) galben în
mijloc, roșiu la margine flotând. În mijloc vor fi armele țěrei. Art.
VII. Drapelul gardei orășenesci va fi întocmai ca al armatei,
păstrând în locul armelor însemnele orașiului respectiv și No.
legiunii. Art. VIII.
Drapelul autorităților civile va fi întocmai ca acel al armatei
fără a purta armele țěrei în mijloc. Art.
IX. Drapelul marinei de resbel va fi întocmai ca cel al armatei cu armele țărei
în mijloc. Drapelul
marinei de comerciu va fi întocmai ca acel al marinei de resbel
fără însă a purta în mijloc armele țărei. Promulgăm
acéstă Lege și ordonăm ca ea să fie investită cu
sigiliul statului și publicată în Monitorul Oficial. Dat în Bucuresci
la 8 Martie 1872 No. 498. CAROL |
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Ministru secretar |
Ministru-Președinte |
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© Hubert de Vries 2017.03.06
Heraldry of the World